Author, year, and Reference Number Center Number of patients (stage IA/IB) Patient age (y) Tumor size (cm) Follow-up period (mo) Toxicities Local efficacy Survival Onishi et al., 2004 [24 ] Yamanashi Medical University in Japan 35 (15/20) 78* 33** 13* No grade ≥3 toxicities Proportion of LTP: 6% 2-year OS and CSS: 58% and 83%, respectively Nagata et al., 2005, prospective [25 ] Kyoto University in Japan 45 (32/13) 77* for stage IA and <4.0 30* for stage IA and No grade ≥3 pulmonary toxicities Proportion of LTP: 2% 1-/2-/3-/5-year OS and DFS for stage IA: 93%/90%/83%/83% and 80%/72%/72%, respectively Zimmermann et al., 2005 [26 ] Technical University in Germany 30 (5/25) 60–69
)
)
) NA 18* for alive patients No grade 5 or 4 toxicities and grade 3 pneumonitis: 3% Proportion of LTP: 7% and 1-/2-year OS: 80%/75%, respectively Nyman et al., 2006 [27 ] Sahlgrenska University in Sweden 45 (18/27) 74* 3.5** 43* No grade 5 toxicities and no grade ≥2 radiation pneumonitis Proportion of LTP: 20% 1-/2-/3-/5-year OS and CSS: 80%/71%/55%/30% and 88%/83%/67%/41%, respectively, and Timmerman et al., 2006, prospective [28 ] Indiana University in US 70 (35/35) 70* NA 18* Grade 5 toxicities: 9% (including pneumonia [6%], pericardial effusion [1%], hemoptysis [1%]) and grade 3 or 4 toxicities: 11% Proportion of LTP: 4% and 2-year OS: 55% and median OS: 33 mo Onishi et al., 2007, retrospective [29 ] Multicenter in Japan 257 (164/93) 74* 2.8* 38* No mortality and grade ≥3 pulmonary toxicities: 5% Proportion of LTP: 14%, 3-/5-year OS and CSS: 57%/47% and 77%/73%, respectively Baumann et al., 2009, prospective [30 ] Multicenter in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark 57 (40/17) 75* 2.5* 35* No grade 5 toxicities and grade 4/3 toxicities: 2%/28%, respectively Proportion of LTP: 7% and 1-/2-/3-year OS and CSS: 85%/65%/60% and 93%/88%/88%, respectively, and median OS: 41 mo Fakiris et al., 2009, prospective [31 ] Indiana University in US 70 (34/36) NA NA 50* Grade 5 toxicities: 7% (including pneumonia [4%], hemoptysis [1%], and respiratory failure [1%]) and Proportion of LTP: 6%, 3-year OS/CSS: 43%/82%, respectively, median OS: 32 mo, and median OS for stages IA and IB: 39 mo and 25 mo, respectively Ricardi et al., 2010, prospective [32 ] University of Torino in Italy 62 (43/19) 74* 2.4* 28* No grade 5 toxicities and grade ≥3 radiation pneumonitis: 3% Proportion of LTP: 6%, 2-/3-year OS, CSS, and DFS: 69%/57%, 79%/73%, and 63%/55%, respectively Timmerman et al., 2010, prospective [33 ] Multicenter in US and Canada 55 (44/11) 72* ≤5.0 34* No grade 5 toxicities and grade 4/3 toxicities: 4%/13%, respectively Proportion of LTP: 2%, 3-year OS/DFS: 56%/48%, respectively, and median OS and DFS: 48 mo and 34 mo, respectively Onishi et al., 2011, retrospective [34 ] Multicenter in Japan 87 (64/23) 74* 2.1* for stage IA and 3.9* for stage IB 55* No grade 5 toxicities, grade 3 pulmonary toxicities: 1%, and Overall proportion of LTP: 9%, 5-year overall LTP: 13%, and 5-year LTP for stages IA and IB: 8% and 27%, respectively 5-year OS/CSS: 70%/76%, respectively, and Lagerwaard et al., 2012, prospective [35 ] VU University Medical Center in Netherlands 177 (106/71) 76* 2.6* 32* No grade 5 toxicities and grade ≥3 radiation pneumonitis: 2% Proportion of LTP: 5% and 1-/3-/5-year OS: 95%/85%/51%, respectively, and median OS: 62 mo Shibamoto et al., 2012, prospective [36 ] Multicenter in Japan 180 (128/52) 77* 2.7* 36* No grade 5 toxicities and grade 3 radiation pneumonitis: 1% 3-year LTP: 17% 3-/5-year OS: 69%/52%, respectively, and Crabtree et al., 2014, retrospective [37 ] Washington University in US 151 (110/41) 74** 2.6** 23* NA Proportion of LTP: 11% 1-/3-/5-year OS and DFS: 82%/47%/25% and 79%/42%/19%, respectively
