Review Article

Pathogenesis of Renal Failure in Multiple Myeloma: Any Role of Contrast Media?

Table 1

Kidney disease in plasma cell dyscrasias ([14, 18]).

(I) Common
 (1) Light-chain cast nephropathy (myeloma kidney)
 (2) Immunoglobulin-related amyloidosis (AL, AHL, and AH)
 (3) Monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition disease (LCDD, LHCDD, and HCDD)
 (4) Acute tubular necrosis
  (A) Drugs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and bisphosphonates)
  (B) Intravascular iodinated contrast
 (5) Type I and type II cryoglobulinemic glomerulonephritis
(II) Uncommon
 (1) Light chain proximal tubulopathy (with or without Fanconi syndrome)
 (2) Crystal-storing histiocytosis
 (3) Nonamyloid monoclonal fibrillary glomerulonephritis
 (4) Immunotactoid glomerulonephritis/glomerulonephritis with organized microtubular monoclonal immunoglobulin deposits (GOMMID)
 (5) C3 glomerulonephritis associated with monoclonal gammopathy
 (6) Proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal Ig deposits
 (7) Hyperviscosity syndrome
  (A) Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia
  (B) IgM, IgA, and rarely IgG myeloma
 (8) Plasma cell infiltration
 (9) Pyelonephritis
 (10) Uric acid nephropathy