ECM Inspired Coating of Embroidered 3D Scaffolds Enhances Calvaria Bone Regeneration

Table 2

Literature analysis.

Publication	Animal/number/group	Defect size/time of study	Implant	Bone volume in %
[38]	Rabbit/𝑛=10	15 mm/12 weeks	Empty	24.4
			Autologous bone	82
			Empty + Lactosorb	23.9
			DBM + Lactosorb	84
			CPC	13.1
			CPC + BMP	45.8
[39]	Rabbit/𝑛=10	6 mm	Ca-P	17
		6 mm	Empty	n.a.
		9 mm	Ca-P	18
		9 mm	Empty	n.a.
		15 mm	Ca-P	17
		15 mm/12 weeks	Empty	n.a.
[40]	Rabbit/𝑛=9; (4 defects/rabbit)	6 mm/4 weeks	PLGA	25.1
			PLGA/TCP	34.9
			BioOss	30.8
			empty	28.4
[41]	Rabbit/𝑛=33	6 mm/12 weeks	Polycaprolactone-TCP	32
		24 weeks	Polycaprolactone-TCP	25
[42]	Rabbit/𝑛=16	6 mm	6 mm empty	53.6
		8 mm	8 mm empty	41.8
		11 mm	11 mm empty	35.1
		15 mm/12 weeks	15 mm empty	20.1
[43]	Rabbit/𝑛=4/5	15 mm/6 weeks	TyrPC	16
			TyrPC + rhBMP-2	34
			TyrPC + CP	4
			BGS	4
[44]	Rabbit/𝑛=10	15 mm/12 weeks	CPC	14
			BC	21
			Empty	17.5
		6 weeks	BC + rh rhBMP-2	27
[45]	Rabbit/𝑛=4 for mPCL and empty,; 𝑛=6 for mPCL + BMPC and OB	15 mm/3 months	m-polycaprolactone	n.a.
			m-polycaprolactone + BMPC	4.7
			m-polycaprolactone + cOB	4.7
			empty	n.a.
		12 months	m-polycaprolactone	1.2
			m-polycaprolactone + BMPC	12.5
			m-polycaprolactone + cOB	12.5
			empty	1.2

DBM + Lactosorb (demineralized bone matrix), CPC (calcium phosphate cement), CPC + BMP (calcium phosphate cement + bone morphogenetic protein); Ca-P (calcium phosphate); PLGA (poly(lactide-coglycolide)), PLGA/TCP (PLGA/tricalcium phosphate), BioOss (bovine derived mineral); polycaprolactone-TCP (polycaprolactone-tricalcium phosphate); TyrPC (tyrosine-derived polycarbonate), TyrPC + rhBMP-2 (TyrPC + recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2), TyrPC + CP (TyrPC + calcium phosphate), BGS (bovine type-I collagen + tricalcium phosphate); CPC (calcium phosphate cement), BC (biocomposite = lysine derived polyurethane and allograft), BC + rhBMP-2 (BC + recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2); m-polycaprolactone (medical grade polycaprolactone), m-polycaprolactone + BMPC (m-polycaprolactone + bone marrow derived mesenchymal progenitor cells), m-polycaprolactone + cOB (m-polycaprolactone + calvarial osteoblasts).