Pharmacological Strategies to Prevent Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury

Table 7

Prospective, randomized clinical trials comparing efficacy of dopamine with placebo and other agents for contrast-induced AKI after angiography prophylaxis.

Authors	Year	Type of procedure and contrast media	Number of patients; Intervention versus control	Study protocol		Intravascular volume expansion and NAC protocol	CI-AKI definition	Mean GFR; Intervention versus control (mL/min/1.73 m^2)	Incidence of CI-AKI		RRT requirement; Intervention versus control (%)
				Intervention	Control				Intervention versus control (%)	𝑃 value
Hans et al. [100]	1998	PAG; Iohexol	28 versus; 27	Dopamine 2.5 mcg/kg/h 1 hour before and 11 hours after	NSS	None	↑Cr ≥0.5/2 days	42.18 versus; 48.8	7.1 versus; 28.6	0.026	ND
Kapoor et al. [99]	1996	CAG; Urograffin	20 versus; 20	Dopamine 5 mcg/kg/h 30 minutes before and 6–8 hours after	None	None	↑Cr ≥25%/1 day; ↑Cr ≥25%/3 days	*Cr 1.50 versus; 1.52	0 versus; 50	ND	0 versus; 0
Abizaid et al. [101]	1999	CAG; Hexabrix	20 versus; 20 versus 20	Dopamine 2.5 mcg/kg/h	(1) None; (2) Aminophylline IV 4 mg/kg then; 0.4 mg/kg/h	N/2 1 mL/kg/h; 12 hours before and after	↑Cr ≥25%/2 days	*Cr 1.9 versus; 2.3 versus 1.9	50 versus; 30 versus 35	0.60	0 versus; 0 versus 5
Stevens et al. [102]	1999	CAG; ND	22 versus; 21 versus 55	Dopamine 3 mcg/kg/h,; Furosemide 1 mg/kg IV before, and; Mannitol 12.5 g in D5W 250 mL IV in 2 hours	(1) Dopamine 3 mcg/kg/h and; Furosemide 1 mg/kg IV before; (2) None	N/2 150 mL/h 6 hours after then adjust to match urine output	↑Cr ≥25%/0.5–2 days	33.73 versus; 31.44 versus 30.48	31.8 versus; 33.3 versus 30.9	0.98	4.5 versus; 4.8 versus 9.1

 *Mean GFR data is not available. Data is shown as mean serum creatinine in mg/dL.
CAG: coronary angiography; CI-AKI: contrast-induced acute kidney injury; Cr: creatinine; g: gram; D5W: 5% dextrose solution; h: hour; IV: intravenous; kg: kilogram body weight; mcg: microgram; mg: milligram; mL: milliliter, NAC: N-acetylcysteine; ND: no data; N/2: 0.45% NaCl; PAG: peripheral angiography; po: per oral route; q12h: every 12 hours; RRT: renal replacement therapy.