BioMed Research International

Research Article

A Two-Step Lyssavirus Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Using Degenerate Primers with Superior Sensitivity to the Fluorescent Antigen Test

Table 2

Rabies virus-positive samples used to assess the diagnostic sensitivity of the lyssavirus qRT-PCR.


Positive samples	Provider	Strain reference	Matrix

Classical rabies virus RABV	ANSES, France¹	Ariana, Tunisia	Dog brain homogenate	3
	ANSES, France¹	CVS-27	Mouse brain homogenate	3
	ANSES, France¹	GS7, France	Fox brain homogenate	7
	ANSES, France¹	Raccoon, Poland	Raccoon dog brain homogenate	1
	ANSES, France¹	201020958, Spain	Mouse brain homogenate	2
	ANSES, France¹	Cn Viv Estonie 10–12, Estonia	Mouse brain homogenate	1
	Rabies NRC, ISP-WIV	Strain fox, Belgium (1995)	Red fox brain homogenate	1
	Rabies NRC, ISP-WIV	Strain fox, Luxembourg (2000)	Pony brain homogenate	1
	Rabies NRC, ISP-WIV	CB-1, Maroc (2007)	Dog brain homogenate	1
	ATCC, USA	CVS-11 (VR959)	Mouse brain homogenate (experimentally infected mice at Rabies NRC, WIV-ISP, Belgium)	20

Lagos bat virus LBV	Centre des Ressources Biologiques, Pasteur Paris Institute, France	CRBIP8.14	Cell culture lysate	1

Mokola virus MOKV	Centre des Ressources Biologiques, Pasteur Paris Institute, France	CRBIP8.27	Cell culture lysate	1

Duvenhage virus DUVV	ANSES, France¹	96132, SA (fixed strain)	Mouse brain homogenate	1
Duvenhage virus DUVV	Centre des Ressources Biologiques, Pasteur Paris Institute, France	CRBIP8.28	Cell culture lysate	1

European bat lyssavirus-1 EBLV-1	ANSES, France¹	EBLV-1a, France	Mouse brain homogenate	3
	ANSES, France¹	EBLV-1b, France	Mouse brain homogenate	4
	WIV-ISP, Belgium²	AF-2010, Spain	Bat brain homogenate (Naturally infected Eptesicus serotinus bat)	1
	ANSES, France¹	R75, Spain	Mouse brain homogenate	1
	Pasteur Paris Institute, France³	8919FRA, France (isolated from Eptesicus serotinus bat)	Mouse brain homogenate (experimentally infected mice at Rabies NRC, WIV-ISP, Belgium)	5

European bat lyssavirus-2 EBLV-2	ANSES, France¹	EBLV-2 VLA P3, United Kingdom	Mouse brain homogenate	1
	ANSES, France¹	EBL2 RV1787, United Kingdom	Mouse brain homogenate	1
	ANSES, France¹	EBLV-2, United Kingdom	Mouse brain homogenate	5

Australian bat lyssavirus ABLV	ANSES, France¹	ABLV, Australia	Mouse brain homogenate	4

Samples obtained through participation to consecutive an interlaboratory proficiency tests organised by the European Union reference laboratory of rabies (ANSES, Nancy, France) between 2009 and 2013. Samples were reconstituted in 1 mL sterile, nuclease-free, and distilled water (Robardet et al., 2011 [26]).
²Van Gucht et al., 2013 [27].
³Bourhy et al., 1992 [28].