| | Author, date | Setting-age | Country | | Race | CKD Stage | Prevalence% | Stage 1 | Stage 2 | Stage 3 | Stage 4 | Stage 5 | Method | Albuminuria |
| | Coresh et al., 2003 [8] | General population; 18–95 years | USA | 15,625 | Afro-American | 1–5 | 11 | 3.3 | 3 | 4.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | MDRD | No | |
Holmen et al., 2003 [12] | General population; >20 years | Norway | 65,181 | Caucasian | 1–4 | 11.2 | 3.1 | 3.4 | 5.3 | 0.4 | NA | MDRD | Yes | | De Zeeuw et al., 2005 [5] | General population; 28–75 years | The Netherlands | 3,432 | Caucasian | 1–5 | 10.6 | 1.3 | 3.8 | 5.3 | 0.1 | 0.1 | cCrCl | Yes | | Viktorsdottir et al., 2005 [13] | General population; 33–85 years | Iceland | 19,381 | Caucasian | 1, 3-4 | >9.2 | 1.6 | NA | 7.4 | 0.2 | NA | MDRD; C-G | Yes | | Cirillo et al., 2006 [14] | General population; 18–95 years | Italy | 4,574 | Caucasian | 3–5 | 6.6 M—6.2 F | | NA | NA | NA | NA | MDRD | Yes | | Gambaro et al., 2010 [9] | General population; >40 years | Italy | 3,870 | Caucasian | 1–4 | 12.7
(13.2 M—12.2 F) | 1.7 | 4.3 | 6.4 | 0.3 | NA | CKD-EPI | Yes | |
Gonzlez et al., 2010 [6] | General population; >20 years | Spain | 2,746 | Caucasian | 1–5 | 12.5 | 1.0 | 1.3 | 6.5 | 0.3 | 0.03 | MDRD | Yes | |
de Nicola et al., 2011 [10] | General population; 35–79 years | Italy | 3,559 | Caucasian | 1–5 | 7.1 (7.5 M—6.5 F) | 2.6 | 1.5 | 2.6 | 0.2 | 0.1 | CKD-EPI | Yes | | Capuano et al., 2012 [15] | General population; 25–74 years | Italy | 1,200 | Caucasian | 1–5 | 5.9 M—3.9 F (1998-1999)
6.2 M—9.0 F
(2008-2009) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | C-G | No | | Zhang et al., 2012 [11] | General population; 18–95 years | China | 47,204 | Chinese | 1–5 | 10.8 | 5.7 | 3.4 | 1.6 | 0.1 | 0.03 | MDRD | Yes |
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