Review Article

The Evolution of Legislation in the Field of Medically Assisted Reproduction and Embryo Stem Cell Research in European Union Members

Table 1

EU countries with laws in the field of MAR.

EU countriesLaws

AustriaThe Act on Reproductive Medicine (Fortpflanzungsmedizingesetz) of June 4, 1992 [3].
Reproductive Medicine Act Amendment 2004 (Fortpflanzungsmedizingesetz geändert wird (Fortpflanzungsmedizingesetz-Novelle 2004) [7]

BelgiumLaw on medically assisted procreation and the destination of surplus embryos and gametes (loi relative à la procreation médicalement assistée et à la destination des embryons surnuméraires et des gametes) of July 1st, 2007 [8].
Law regarding research on in vitro embryos (loi relative à la recherché sur les embryons in vitro) of May 2, 2003 [9].

BulgariaThe Bulgarian Health Act (2004) [11].
Order number 28 of June 20, 2007, on assisted reproduction [12].
Law on Transplantation of Organs, Tissues, and Cells (2003) [13].

Croatia Law on medically assisted reproduction, 2012 [14]

Czech RepublicLaw number 227/2006 on research on human embryonic stem cells and related activities [16, 17].

DenmarkLaw number 460 of June 1997 on artificial fertilization in connection with medical treatment, diagnosis, and research [18].
Law number 535 of June 8, 2006 [18].
Order number 1724 of December 21, 2006 [18].
Law number 240 of April 5, 2004 [18].

EstoniaLaw “Assisted fertilization and Protection of the Embryo” 1997 [20].

FinlandAct on Assisted Fertility Treatments (1237/2006) [21].

FranceBioethics Law number 814/2011 [22].
Bioethics Law number 800/2004 [23].
Law 654/1994 on the Donation and Use of Elements and Products of the Human Body, Medically Assisted Procreation, and Prenatal Diagnosis [24].

GermanyLaw on the Protection of Embryos (Embryonenschutzgesetz) of 1990 [25].
Stem Cell Act (2008) [26].

GreeceLaw 3089/2002 [27].
Law number 3305/2005 [28].

HungaryAct on Health, Chapter IX, 20/2007 [29].
Ministerial Decree 30/1998 [30].

ItalyLaw 40/2004 [31].
Italian Constitutional Court (number 151/09) [32].
Italian Constitutional Court (April 9, 2014) [33].

LatviaSexual and Reproductive Health Act of 2002 [34].

LithuaniaLaw on Ethics of Biomedical Research, first promulgated in 2000 and amended in 2007 [35].
Law on Donation and Transplantation of Human Tissues, Cells, and Organs number I-1626 of November 19, 1996 [36].

NetherlandsEmbryos Law of 2002 [37].

PortugalLaw number 32/2006 [38].

RomaniaLaw 63/2012 [39].

SlovakiaLaw 277/1994 on Health Care [40].
Slovakian Penal Code, Law 140/1961 [40].

SloveniaLaw on Biomedically Assisted Fertilisation number 70/2000 [41].

SpainLaw on Assisted Human Reproduction Techniques, number 14/2006 [42].
The Biomedicine Law 14/2007 [43].

SwedenGenetic Integrity Act number 351 of May 18, 2006 [44].
Health and Medical Services Act number 763/1982 [45].
Biobanks in Medical Care Act number 2977/2002 [46].

UKHuman Fertilization and Embryology Act 2008 [47].
Human Fertilization and Embryology Act 1990 [48].
Surrogacy Arrangements Act 1985 [49].