Prophylaxis of Contrast-Induced Nephrotoxicity

Table 1

Agents and measures proposed for prevention of contrast-agent-induced nephrotoxicity.

Drug	Trial	Patients	Prophylactic benefit	Reference
Mesna	RCT	𝑁=100	Yes	[59]
NAC	RCT; Meta-analysis	𝑁=83; 𝑁=2746	Yes; Equivocal	[51]; [55, 56]
Hydration	RCT; RCT	𝑁=78; 𝑁=1620; 𝑁=53	Yes; Yes; Yes	[19]; [22]; [17]
Sodium; bicarbonate	RCT; RCT; Meta-analysis	𝑁=119; 𝑁=353; 𝑁=2290	Yes; No; Equivocal	[43]; [44]; [46]
Theophyllin	Meta-analysis	𝑁=585	No	[60]