Rural Residents in China Are at Increased Risk of Exposure to Tick-Borne Pathogens Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Ehrlichia chaffeensis

Table 2

The seroprevalence of E. chaffeensis and A. phagocytophilum by location and sex.

Area

Province/; sampling year

E. chaffeensis

A. phagocytophilum

M

F

Odds ratio; (95% CI)

𝑃 value

M

F

Odds ratio; (95% CI)

𝑃 value

Number positives/total number

Seropositivity rate %; (95% CI)

Number positives/total number

Seropositivity; rate %; (95% CI)

Number positives/total number

Seropositivity rate %; (95% CI)

Number positives/total number

Seropositivity rate %; (95% CI)

Rural

Anhui/2009

13/244

5.3 (2.5–8.1)

20/352

5.7 (3.2–8.1)

0.9 (0.4–1.9)

0.9

101/244

41.4 (35.2–47.6)

100/352

28.4 (23.7–33.1)

1.8 (1.3–2.5)

0.001

Hainan/2008

186/426

43.7 (35.8–51. 9)

193/424

45.5 (39.8–51.2)

0.9 (0.7–1.2)

0.6

172/427

40.3 (35.6–45.0)

162/425

38.1 (33.5–42.7)

1.1 (0.8–1.4)

0.5

Henan/2009

21/348

6.0 (3.5–8.5)

26/389

6.7 (4.2–9.2)

0.9 (0.5–1.6)

0.7

30/348

8.6 (5.7–11.5)

36/389

9.3 (6.4–12.2)

0.9 (0.5–1.5)

0.8

Jiangsu/2009

8/1161

0.7 (0.2–1.2)

33/1586

2.1 (1.4.–2.8)

3.6 (1.0–13.3)

0.08

143/1160

12.3 (10.4–14.2)

131/1586

8.3 (6.6–9.7)

1.5 (1.2–2.0)

0.0004

Zhejiang/2009

3/279

1.1 (0.5–1.7)

4/300

1.3 (0.6–2.6)

0.8 (0.2–3.6)

1.0

1/279

0.4 (0.3–1.1)

2/300

0.7 (0.2–1.6)

0.5 (0.05–5.9)

1.0

Yunnan/2009

1/151

0.7 (0.6–2.6)

0/175

0

0.5 (0.1–3.9)

0.5

0/151

0

1/176

0.6 (0.5–1.7)

1.0 (0.9–1.1)

1.0

Xinjiang/2009

12/30

40.0 (22.5–57.5)

7/14

50.0 (23.8–76.2)

0.7 (0.2–2.4)

0.5

4/30

13.3 (7.9–20.1)

2/14

4.3 (10.5–16)

1.0 (0.1–5.7)

1.0

Tianjin/2007, 2008/2009

45/581

7.7 (5.5–9.9)

38/301

12.6 (8.9–16.3)

0.6 (0.4–0.9)

0.02

253/578

43.8 (39.8–47.8)

114/301

37.9 (32.4–43.4)

1.3 (1.0–1.7)

0.09

Beijing/2009

50/273

18.3 (13.7–22.9)

59/288

20.5 (15.8–25.2)

0.9 (0.6–1.3)

0.5

43/273

15.8 (11.5–20.1)

36/288

12.5 (8.6–16.3)

1.3 (0.8–2.1)

0.3

Total

339/3493

9.7 (8.7–10.7)

380/3829

9.9 (9.0–10.8)

1.0 (0.8–1.1)

0.8

747/3490

21.4 (20.0–22.8)

584/3831

15.2 (14.1–16.3)

1.5 (1.3–1.7)

<0.0001

Urban

Jilin/2008

5/106

4.7 (0.7–8.7)

11/147

7.5 (3. 2–11.8)

0.6 (0.2–1.8)

0.4

2/106

1.9 (0.7–4.5)

2/147

1.4 (0.5–3.3)

1.3 (0.1–10.0)

0.7

Heilongjiang/2008

2/310

0.7 (0.2–1.6)

2/256

0.8 (0.3–1.9)

0.8 (0.1–5.9)

1.0

4/310

1.3 (0.1–2.6)

4/256

1.6 (0.1–3.1)

0.8 (0.2–3.3)

0.8

Total

7/416

1.7 (0.5–2.9)

13/403

3.2 (1.5–4.9)

0.5 (0.2–1.3)

0.2

6/416

1.4 (0.3–2.5)

6/403

1.5 (0.3–2.7)

0.9 (0.3–3.0)

1.0