Antagonizing Interferon-Mediated Immune Response by Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus

Table 1

PRRSV viral proteins interfering with IFN induction and signaling.

Protein	Target	Mechanisms	References
nsp1 (nsp1𝛼 and nsp1𝛽)	IFN induction	Interfering with IRF3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation	[31]
		Inhibiting IRF3 association with CBP and enhancing CBP degradation	[30]
		Inhibiting IFN-𝛽 induction at downstream of IRF3 activation	[32]
		Downregulating IRF3 and inhibiting its phosphorylation	[39]
nsp1𝛽	IFN-activated signaling	Blocking STAT1/STAT2 nuclear translocation via inducing KPNA1 degradation	[54–56]
nsp2	IFN induction	Blocking IRF3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation	[33]
		Interfering with IκB polyubiquitination and preventing its degradation	[35]
	ISG15	Reducing ISG15 production and conjugation by nsp2 deubiquitinase activity	[58]
nsp11	IFN induction	Inhibiting IRF3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation	[36]
		Degrading IPS-1 mRNA	[15]
N	IFN induction	Blocking IRF3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation	[34]
	IFN signaling	Blocking STAT1/STAT2 nuclear translocation	[55]