Multiparametric MRI for Recurrent Prostate Cancer Post Radical Prostatectomy and Postradiation Therapy

Table 1

Characteristics of the different reviewed studies on mp-MRI for the diagnosis of local recurrence after RP.

Authors	MRI scan	Study design	Cases	Mean PSA	Mean lesion size	Reference standard	T2WI	DCE	MRSI	DWI	Combined techniques
Silverman and Kerbs [3]	ERC 1.5-T	Prospective	41	1.4 ng/dL	16 mm	TRUS biopsy	Se 100%; Spe 100%; PPV 100%; NPV 100%
Sella et al. [4]	PAC + ERC 1.5-T	Retrospective	48	2.18 ng/dL	14 mm	TRUS biopsy, PSA reduction after RT, increase lesion size at MRI	Se 95%; Spe 100%
Cirillo et al. [5]	PAC + ERC 1.5-T	Retrospective	72	1.51 ng/dL	17 mm	TRUS biopsy, Cho-PET findings, PSA reduction after RT	Se 61.4%; Sp 82.1%; PPV 84.4%; NPV 57.5%; Acc 69.4%	Se 84.1%; Spe 89.3%; PPV 92.5%; NPV 78.1%; Acc 86.1%
Casciani et al. [6]	PAC + ERC 1.5-T	Retrospective	46	1.9 ng/dL	15 mm	TRUS biopsy,; PSA reduction after RT	Se 48%; Sp 52%; PPV 54%; NPV 46%; Acc 48%	Se 88%; Spe 100%; PPV 100%; NPV 88%; Acc 94%
Sciarra et al. [7]	PAC + ERC 1.5-T	Prospective	70	1.2 ng/dL (group A); 0.8 ng/dL (group B)	13 mm (group A); 6 mm (group B)	TRUS biopsy (group A); PSA reduction after RT (group B)		Se 71–79%; Spe 94–100%; PPV 96–100%; NPV 67–79%; 𝐴𝑧 0.923–0.931	Se 71–84%; Spe 83–88%; PPV 91–93%; NPV 56–74%; 𝐴𝑧 0.81–0.942		MRSI + DCE: Se 86-87%; Spe 94–100%; PPV 96–100%; NPV 75–79%; 𝐴𝑧 0.964–0.94
Panebianco et al. [8]	PAC + ERC 3.0-T	Prospective	84	1.1 ng/dL (group A); 1.9 ng/dL (group B)	6 mm (group A); 13 mm (group B)	TRUS biopsy (group B); PSA reduction after RT (group A)					MRSI + DCE: Se 92–94%; Spe 75–100%; PPV 96–100%; NPV 57–60%; Acc 89–94%; 𝐴𝑧 0.833–0.971
Wu et al. [9]		Meta-analysis					Se 72%; Spe 74%	Se 85%; Spe 95%			MRSI + DCE: Se 92%; Spe 95%
Panebianco et al. [10]	PAC + ERC 3.0-T	Prospective	262	1.3 ng/dL (group A); 2.0 ng/dL (group B)	5 mm (group A); 12 mm (group B)	TRUS biopsy (group A); PSA reduction after RT (group B)					T2WI + DCE: Se 98–100%; Spe 94–97%; PPV 96-97%; NPV 95-96%; Acc 91%; 𝐴𝑧 0.875–0.917; T2WI + DWI; Se 97-98%; Spe 95-96%; PPV 93–96%; NPV 91–95%; Acc 89–92%; 𝐴𝑧 0.783–0.823
Roy et al. [11]	PAC + ERC 3.0-T	Retrospective	28	0.98 ng/dL		TRUS biopsy	Se 56%	Se 94%	Se 50%	Se 65%	T2WI + DCE: Se 97%; T2WI + DWI + DCE: Se 94%; T2WI + DWI + DCE + MRS: Se 74%; T2WI + DWI: Se 65%; T2WI + MRS: 53%

PAC: phased-array coil; ERC: endorectal coil; Se: sensitivity; Spe: specificity; PPV: positive predictive value; NPV: negative predictive value; Acc: accuracy; 𝐴_𝑧: area under the receiver operating characteristic curve.