Tooth Movement out of the Bony Wall Using Augmented Corticotomy with Nonautogenous Graft Materials for Bone Regeneration

Figure 5

Photomicrograph of a buccolingual section from the mandible. (a) Deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) graft. (b) Higher magnification of (a). DBBM particles (red star) were embedded in and bridged with newly formed bone within the bone-derived mesenchymal matrix. Resorption by osteoclasts at the buccal side and new bone formation at the inner side by osteoblasts were observed simultaneously. (c) Higher magnification of (b). New bone formation on the surface of the grafted DBBM particles (red star) and active osteoblasts were observed. (d) Irradiated cortical bone (ICB) graft. Most grafted ICB particles were resorbed. Grafted ICB particles were embedded in bone-derived mesenchymal matrix, encircled by a newly formed bone wall. (e) Higher magnification of (d). Grafted ICB particles (yellow star) were still resorbed by osteoclasts within the bone-derived mesenchymal matrix, and newly formed bone was bridged with and formed in the grafted particle. (f) Higher magnification of (e). Active osteoblasts forming new bone were observed inside the grafted ICB particles. (g) Micromacroporous biphasic calcium phosphate (SB; MBCP⁺) graft. Most of the grafted SB particles were embedded in the newly formed bone-derived mesenchymal matrix that formed buccal bone. The thickness of the newly formed bone wall was outstanding. (h) Higher magnification of (g). Grafted SB particles (black star) were embedded in and bridged with newly formed buccal bone. (i) Higher magnification of (h). Active new bone-forming osteoblasts were observed at the outer surface of the buccal bone wall. Masson’s trichrome stain. Original magnification for (a), (d), and (g): ×12.5; for (b), (e), and (h): ×100; for (c), (f), and (i); ×400.

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