Helical Tomotherapy Combined with Capecitabine in the Preoperative Treatment of Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer

Table 3

Pathological stage and response after preoperative chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer.

Case number			𝑁=35 (%)
Tumor regression grade (TRG)
Grade 0			2 (5.7)
Grade 1			5 (14.3)
Grade 2			7 (20)
Grade 3			16 (45.7)
Pathological complete response (TRG grade 4)			5 (14.3)
Pathological stage
Stage 1			15 (42.9)
Stage 2			6 (17.1)
Stage 3			9 (25.7)
ypT0-T2N0
Yes			20 (57.1)
No			15 (42.9)
Lymphovascular invasion
Yes			6 (17.1)
No			29 (82.9)
Perineural invasion
Yes			8 (22.9)
No			27 (77.1)
Pathological T stage
Downstaging			21 (60.0)
Stable			14 (40.0)
Progressive			0
Case number			𝑁=23 (%)
Pathological N stage (in clinical N1-2 patients)
Downstaging			16 (69.6)
Stable			6 (26.1)
Progressive			1 (4.3)
Correlation between TRG and pathological downstage (𝑁=35)
	Major responder^a	Minor responder^b	𝑃
T downstaging
Yes	20	1	0.010
No	8	6
ypT0-2N0
Yes	19	1	0.027
No	9	6
Pathologic node metastasis
Yes	5	4	0.055
No	23	3
Lymphovascular invasion
Yes	4	2	0.576
No	24	5
Perineural invasion
Yes	4	4	0.033
No	24	3
N downstaging 𝑛=23 (in clinical N1-2 patients)
Yes	13	3	0.621
No	5	2

aTRG 2, TRG 3, and TRG 4 are recognized as major responders after chemoradiotherapy; bTRG 0 and TRG 1 are recognized as minor responders after chemoradiotherapy.