Predictive Symptoms and Signs of Severe Dengue Disease for Patients with Dengue Fever: A Meta-Analysis

Table 2

Results of meta-analysis for the clinical manifestations between DF and SDD.

Clinical manifestation	Number of studies	Odds ratio (95% CI)	Test for OR	Test of heterogeneity		Publication bias
			𝑃	𝐼^2 (%)	𝑃	Egger’s test	Begg’s test
Gender	6	1.230 (0.999, 1.513)	0.051	0	0.686	0.991	0.707
Vomiting/nausea*	13	1.692 (1.256, 2.280)	0.001	39.7	0.069	0.455	0.428
Abdominal pain*	13	2.278 (1.631, 3.182)	<0.001	55.5	0.008	0.343	0.669
Skin rashes*	10	2.031 (1.269, 3.250)	0.003	69.7	<0.001	0.581	0.592
Bleeding*	12	13.617 (3.281, 56.508)	0.001	94.0	<0.001	0.033	0.373
Hematemesis *	5	6.174 (2.66, 14.334)	<0.001	0	0.476	0.137	0.211
Melena *	4	10.351 (3.065, 34.956)	<0.001	0	0.955	0.36	0.734
Gum bleeding	7	2.518 (0.463, 13.685)	0.285	90.5	<0.001	0.058	0.548
Epistaxis	5	2.319 (0.599, 8.976)	0.562	86.9	<0.001	0.981	0.462
Headache *	13	0.555 (0.455, 0.676)	<0.001	0	0.594	0.177	0.583
Lethargy	6	1.552 (0.714, 3.370)	0.267	49.6	0.078	0.864	1
Retroorbital pain	9	1.096 (0.531, 2.261)	0.804	45.2	0.067	0.810	0.602
Diarrhea	7	1.149 (0.555, 2.380)	0.708	64.1	0.010	0.185	0.230
Hepatomegaly*	8	4.751 (1.769, 12.570)	0.002	72.5	0.001	0.014	0.063
Tourniquet	4	2.194 (0.395, 12.206)	0.369	82.4	0.001	0.715	1

Note: “Italics”: using the fixed-effect model, the other symptoms/signs: using the random-effect model; *significantly different between DF and SDD.