Bacterial Sepsis in Patients with Visceral Leishmaniasis in Northwest Ethiopia

Table 2

Factors associated with culture confirmed bacterial sepsis in patients with VL admitted to Gondar University Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2012 (𝑁=83).

Factors	Blood culture (𝑁 (%))		OR (95% CI)	𝑃 value
	Positive	Negative
Total	16 (19.3)	67 (80.7)
Sex
Female	0 (0.0)	1 (100.0)	1.0	0.81
Male	16 (19.5)	66 (80.5)	Undefined
Age (years)
≥18	16 (20.0)	64 (80.0)	1.0	1.00
<18	0 (0.0)	3 (100.0)	0.0 (0.0–10.1)
Fever
No	0 (0.0)	2 (100.0)	1.0	0.61
Yes	16 (19.8)	65 (80.2)	Undefined
Tachycardia
No	2 (12.5)	14 (87.5)	1.0	0.35
Yes	14 (20.9)	53 (79.1)	1.8 (0.3–13.3)
Tachypnea
No	1 (12.5)	7 (87.5)	1.0	0.51
Yes	15 (20.0)	60 (80.0)	1.7 (0.2–40.7)
Type of VL
Primary	14 (18.2)	63 (81.8)	1.0	0.33
Relapse	2 (33.3)	4 (66.7)	1.8 (0.5–6.2)
Hospital stay prior to blood culture
<72 hours	12 (19.4)	50 (80.6)	1.0	0.77
≥72 hours	4 (19.0)	17 (81.0)	1.0 (0.4–2.7)
Body mass index (kg/m^2)
≥18.5	2 (22.2)	7 (77.8)	1.0	0.55
<18.5	14 (18.9)	60 (81.1)	0.8 (0.2–3.2)
Focal bacterial infection
Absent	4 (6.1)	62 (93.9)	1.0	<0.01
Present	12 (70.6)	5 (29.4)	11.6 (4.3–31.6)
HIV
Negative	12 (17.1)	58 (82.9)	1.0	0.21
Positive	4 (30.8)	9 (69.2)	2.1 (0.5–9.6)
Anaemia (Hg < 11 g/dL)
No	1 (6.3)	11 (91.7)	1.0	0.27
Yes	15 (21.1)	56 (78.9)	2.9 (0.3–65.8)
Thrombocytopenia (Platelet <100×10^9/L)
No	2 (50.0)	2 (50.0)	1.0	0.17
Yes	14 (17.7)	65 (82.3)	0.2 (0.0–2.4)
Leukopenia (WBC <4×10^9/L)
No	1 (33.3)	2 (66.7)	1.0	0.48
Yes	15 (18.8)	65 (81.2)	0.5 (0.0–13.8)