Notch1 and 4 Signaling Responds to an Increasing Vascular Wall Shear Stress in a Rat Model of Arteriovenous Malformations
Figure 2
Pulsatile blood flow and shear stress in the arterialized jugular vein. (a) Fistula blood flow rate. (b) Representative Doppler ultrasound image of blood flow through the arterialized jugular vein. Red and blue colors indicate two different blood flow directions, suggesting turbulent blood flow at the proximal fistula. Blue color indicates the same blood flow direction, suggesting laminar blood flow at the through the arterialized jugular vein. (c) Fistula shear stress. Data were expressed as means ± SE (). Day −1: flow in the common carotid artery prior to fistula creation.
