Review Article
Radiosynthesis of [18F]Trifluoroalkyl Groups: Scope and Limitations
Table 1
Survey of radiosynthetic approaches towards the radiosynthesis of [18F]trifluoroalkyl groups.
| Method | Year | Yield/% | As (reported value) comment | Reference |
| (1) 18F-19F exchange |
1979 | 0.5–15 | Low—carrier added |
Ido et al. [10] | (2) Sb2O3 catalysed 18F-Cl substitution | 1986 | 20–50 | Low—carrier added | Angelini et al. [11, 12] | (3) 18F-19F exchange | 1990 | 85 | Low—(0.00002–0.002 MBq/nmol) carrier added | Kilbourn and Subramanian [13] | (4) 18F-19F exchange | 1993 | 78 | Low—carrier added | Aigbirhio et al. [14] | (5) 18F-19F exchange | 1994 | 15–99 | Low—(0.2–16.6 MBq/nmol) [15] carrier added | Satter et al. [16] | (6) 18F-Br substitution | 1990 | 17–28 | Low—(0.037 MBq/nmol) precursor separation | Kilbourn et al. [17] | (7) 18F-Br substitution | 1993 | 1–4 | Low—(1.5–2.5 MBq/nmol) side reaction | Das and Mukherjee [15] | (8) 18F-Br substitution | 1995 | 45–60 | Low—(0.040–0.800 MBq/nmol) side reactions | Johnstrom and Stone-Elander [18] | (9) 18F-fluorodesulfurisation | 2001 | 40 | Low—(0.000002 MBq/nmol) carrier added | Josse et al. [19] | (10) 18F-Br substitution | 2007 | 10 ± 2 | Low—(4.4 ± 1.5 MBq/nmol) side reactions | Prabhakaran et al. [20] | (11) 18F-19F exchange | 2011 | ~60 | Low—carrier added | Suehiro et al. [21] | (12) H18F addition | 2011 | 52–93 | Moderate (86 MBq/nmol)—side reaction | Riss and Aigbirhio [22] | (13) 18F-I substitution | 2013 | 60 ± 15 | Not given | Van der Born et al. [23] | (14) Nucleophilic trapping of difluorocarbene formed in situ and Cu(I) mediated trifluoromethylation with Cu-[18F]CF3 | 2013 | 5–87 | Low—(0.1 MBq/nmol) side reactions | Huiban et al. [24] | (15) 18F-I substitution, in situ formation of Cu-[18F]CF3 | 2014 | 12–93 | Low—(0.15 MBq/nmol) side reactions | Ruehl et al. [25] | (16) 18F-F2 addition | 2001 | 10–17 | Low—carrier added | Dolbier et al. [26] | (17) 18F-F2 disproportionation | 2003 | 22–28 | Low—(0.015–0.020 MBq/nmol) carrier-added | Prakash et al. [27] | (18) 18F-selectfluor bis-triflate | 2013 | 9–18 | Low—(3.3 MBq/nmol) carrier-added | Mizuta et al. [28] |
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