Platelet-Rich Plasma in Bone Regeneration: Engineering the Delivery for Improved Clinical Efficacy
Table 1
Some PRP bioactive molecules and their physiologic roles [127]. Reprinted with permission from John Wiley and Sons.
General category
Specific molecules
Physiologic role
Adhesive proteins
Fibrinogen, fibronectin, vitronectin, thrombospondin-1, von Willebrand factor, and laminin-8
Cell contact interactions, cellular adhesion, chemotaxis, ECM composition, and clotting
Clotting factors and associated proteins
Factor V, factor XI, protein S, antithrombin, and tissue factor pathway inhibitor
Thrombin activation and its regulation, eventual fibrin clot formation
Fibrinolytic factors and associated proteins
Plasminogen, plasminogen activator inhibitor, -2 antiplasmin, and thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor
Plasmin production and regulation
Proteases and antiproteases
Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteases 1-4 (TIMP 1-4), MMP-1, -2, -4, and -9, and -1 antitrypsin
Regulation of matrix degradation, regulation of cellular behavior, and so forth
Growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines
TGF-, PDGF, insulin like growth factors (IGF) I and II, FGF, EGF, VEGF, ECGF, KGF, GM-CSF, hepatocyte GF, TNF, RANTES, IL-8, IL-1, and BMP-2, -4, and -6
Chemotaxis, cell proliferation and differentiation, promotion of ECM production, regulation of inflammation, and angiogenesis
Inflammation modulation, cell migration and proliferation, and so forth
Basic proteins and others
Platelet factor 4, -thromboglobulin, endostatins, connective tissue activating peptide III, chondroitin-4 sulfate, albumin, and immunoglobulins G and M
Regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis and angiogenesis, vascular modeling, platelet activation, and so forth
