Obstetric Brachial Plexus Palsy: The Mallet Grading System for Shoulder Function—Revisited
Table 1
The Mallet grading system for shoulder function.
Grade
Description
I
Flail shoulder
II
Active abduction ≤30° Zero degrees of external rotation Hand to back of neck impossible Hand to back impossible Hand to mouth with marked trumpet sign
III
Active abduction 30–90° External rotation up to 20° Hand to back of neck with difficulty Hand to back with difficulty Hand to mouth possible with partial trumpet sign (over 40° of shoulder abduction)
IV
Active abduction over 90° External rotation over 20° Hand to back of neck easy Hand to back easy Hand to mouth easy with less than 40° of shoulder abduction
