Holoptelea integrifolia (Roxb.) Planch: A Review of Its Ethnobotany, Pharmacology, and Phytochemistry

Table 3

Pharmacological activities of various extracts of Holoptelea integrifolia.

Activity	Plant part	Extract	Experimental procedures/models	References
Antibacterial	Leaves	Hexane, diethyl ether, acetone and aqueous	MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration)	[16]
	Stem bark	Pet. Ether, benzene, chloroform, methanolic and aqueous	MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration)	[17]
	Leaves	Chloroform	Disk diffusion assay	[18]
Antifungal	Leaf and stem	Methanolic	Agar well diffusion method	[20]
	Leaves	Hydroethanolic	MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration)	[21]
	Leaves	Hexane, ethyl acetate, methanolic, and aqueous	Agar diffusion test and MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration)	[22]
Anti-inflammatory	Leaves	Aqueous	Carrageenan-induced paw edema test	[23]
	Leaves	Ethanolic	Carrageenan-induced paw edema, dextran-induced paw edema, histamine-induced paw edema, serotonin-induced paw edema, and cotton pellet-induced granuloma tests	[24]
Anthelmintic	Stem bark	Benzene, chloroform, methanolic, aqueous, pet. ether	Dash’s method	[25]
	Bark	Ethanolic and aqueous	Time of paralysis and death assay	[26]
Antioxidant	Stem bark	Ethanolic	FTC (ferric thiocyanate) and TBA (thiobarbituric acid) methods	[27]
	Leaves	Methanolic	1,1,diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method	[20]
	Stem bark	Aqueous	DPPH radical, nitric oxide, superoxide, and reducing power assays	[28]
Antidiabetic	Leaves	Ethanolic, chloroform, pt. ether and aqueous	Alloxan-induced diabetes model	[29]
	Leaves	Methanolic and pet. ether	Alloxan-induced diabetes model	[30]
Antidiarrhoeal	Leaves	Ethanolic	Castor oil and magnesium sulphate-induced diarrhea mice model	[32]
Adaptogenic	Stem bark	Ethanolic	Forced swimming endurance test and chronic cold restraint stress mode	[34]
Anticancer	Leaves	Ethanolic	Dolton’s ascetic lymphoma (DAL) model	[35]
	Bark	Ethanolic and pet. ether	DMBA- (dimethyl benz(a) anthracene-) induced breast carcinoma assay	[36]
	Bark	Butanol, hexane, ethyl acetate and chloroform	MTT 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2yl)-2,5-biphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay	[37]
Wound healing	Stem bark and leaves	Methanolic	Excision and incision wound model	[20]
Antiulcer	Leaves	Methanolic	Pylorus ligated ulcer model	[45]
Analgesic	Leaves	Ethanolic, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and aqueous	Tail flock method	[46]
Hepatoprotective	Leaves	Methanolic	Paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity assay	[47]
Larvicidal	Leaves	Acetone	Standard WHO procedure	[48]
Antiemetic	Leaves	Ethanolic	Cisplatin-induced nausea model	[49]
CNS depressant	Leaves	Methanolic	Head dip, Rota rod, and traction tests	[50]
Hypolipidemic	Leaves and bark	Hydroalcoholic	HMG-CoA reductase and LCAT (Lecithin: cholesterol-acyl transferase) assays	[51]