Physical Exercise-Induced Adult Neurogenesis: A Good Strategy to Prevent Cognitive Decline in Neurodegenerative Diseases?

Table 1

Modulation of adult neurogenesis by neurodegenerative diseases and physical exercise.

Neurodegenerative disease	Alteration of adult neurogenesis	Effect of physical exercise on adult neurogenesis
AD
Rodent models	↑ or ↓ SGZ neurogenesis depending on the transgenic model [78–88]	↑ Learning and memory in various transgenic models [189, 190, 192–195]; ↑ or no effect on proliferation and neuronal differentiation in APP23 transgenic mice
Human patients	↑ Proliferation/differentiation in human SGZ from AD patients [89]; ↓ Maturation in human SGZ from AD patients [90]	—
PD
Rodent models	↓ SGZ proliferation in lesion models [108]; ↑ SGZ proliferation in MPTP lesion model [107]; ↓ SGZ proliferation and survival in 𝛼-synuclein transgenic mice [111, 112]	Rescue of behavioral deficits in lesion models [175, 204, 205, 207]
Human patients	↓ Proliferation/differentiation in human SGZ from PD patients [108]	↑ Motor and cognitive function in human PD patients [209, 210]
HD
Rodent models	↓ SGZ neurogenesis in HD transgenic and knock-in models [128–131, 136, 141, 143]	No effect on SGZ neurogenesis in transgenic models [132, 211, 212]; ↓ Behavioral and cognitive deficits in transgenic models [158, 213]
Human patients	No changes in cell proliferation in human SGZ from HD patients [159]	—