Testing for the Endogenous Nature between Women’s Empowerment and Antenatal Health Care Utilization: Evidence from a Cross-Sectional Study in Egypt

Table 1

Distribution of married women whose last birth was during the five-year period preceding the survey according to women’s background characteristics, 2008.

Items	Percentage	Number
Place of residence
Urban; Rural	38.2; 61.8	3020; 5016
Region
Urban governorates; Urban lower Egypt; Rural lower Egypt; Urban upper Egypt; Rural upper Egypt; Frontier governorates	16.4; 10; 34.3; 10.8; 27.1; 1.4	1075; 712; 2282; 945; 2564; 458
Current age 15–19	3.5	276
20–24; 25–29; 30–34; 35–39; 40–44; 45–49	24.4; 33.7; 20.9; 11.7; 4.9; 0.9	1943; 2631; 1724; 963; 416; 83
Educational attainment
No education; Incomplete primary; Complete primary; Incomplete secondary; Complete secondary; Higher	25.3; 6.7; 3.5; 12.2; 39.3; 13	2186; 553; 268; 983; 3073; 973
Work status
Not working for cash; Working for cash	88.4; 11.6	7100; 936
Reading newspaper
No; Yes	76.2; 23.8	6168; 1868
Watching TV
No; Yes	2.8; 97.2	284; 7752
Listening to radio
No; Yes	40.1; 59.9	3453; 4583
Wealth index
Poorest; Poorer; Middle; Richer; Richest	19.3; 19.7; 21; 20.6; 19.4	1767; 1641; 1669; 1515; 1444
Partner’s educational attainment
No education; Incomplete primary; Complete primary; Incomplete secondary; Complete secondary; Higher	16; 10.6; 5.1; 12.5; 39.5; 16.3	1363; 868; 387; 976; 3223; 1219
Total	100	8036