Development of a Finite Element Head Model for the Study of Impact Head Injury

Table 1

Element number and materials properties in the FE model.

Components	Number of elements	Behaviour	Density; (kg/m^3)	Poisson’s ratio	Young’s modulus, (GPa); Viscoelastic response; (Prony series approximation)	References
Brainstem	6104	Viscoelastic	1060	0.4996		Horgan and Gilchrist [37]
Cerebral peduncle	1762	Viscoelastic	1060	0.4996		Horgan and Gilchrist [37]
Cerebellum	21727	Viscoelastic	1140	0.48		Turquier et al. [47],; Willinger et al. [48],; Shuck and Advani [49], and Yoganandan et al. [50]
CSF	—	Fluid	1000	—	—	Zhou et al. [31] and Yan and Pangestu [32]
Gray matter	436917	Viscoelastic	1040	0.4996		Zhang et al. [12] and Al-Bsharat et al. [51]
Lateral cartilage	2874	Elastic	1500	0.45		Westreich et al. [36]
Septum cartilage	3578	Elastic	1500	0.32		Grellmann et al. [52]
Skull bone and cervical vertebra	130482	Elastic	1210	0.22		Zhang et al. [12]
Neck and facial soft tissues	253894	Elastic	1040	0.46		Zhang et al. [12] and Kleiven [53]
Ventricles	36776	Viscoelastic	1080	0.49		Zhang et al. [12]
White matter	278925	Viscoelastic	1040	0.4996		Al-Bsharat et al. [51]