Micronuclei in Bone Marrow and Liver in relation to Hepatic Metabolism and Antioxidant Response due to Coexposure to Chloroform, Dichloromethane, and Toluene in the Rat Model

Table 3

(a) Result of the one-day treatments. (b) Result of the three-day treatments.

(a)

Treatment	Phase I and phase II xenobiotic metabolism
	𝑛	[CYP] (nmol/mg)	CYP2E1 (nmol/min/mg)**	GST (mmol/min/mg)	GSTT1 (nmol/min/mg)**
CT	5	0.79±0.11	2.23±0.34	0.47±0.10	0.28±0.04
Low Dose	5	0.76±0.08	1.94±0.24	0.27±0.08	0.67±0.38
Mid Dose	5	0.88±0.13	2.23±0.28	0.44±0.06	0.93±0.19
High Dose	5	0.74±0.13	3.09±0.77	0.34±0.05	1.11±0.13
Treatment	Antioxidant enzymes
	𝑛	SOD^†	GPx (U/mg)	Gred (U/mg)
CT	5	1±0.12	0.18±0.05	0.072±0.006
Low Dose	5	0.85±0.18	0.14±0.01	0.068±0.007
Mid Dose	5	0.96±0.21	0.18±0.02	0.073±0.011
High Dose	5	0.91±0.14	0.18±0.03	0.073±0.001
Treatment	Oxidative stress
	𝑛	[GSH] (mmol/g)	[GSSG] (mmol/g)	[GSH]/[GSSG]	TBARS (nmol/mg)
CT	5	2.97±0.95	0.10±0.05	27.49±8.53	0.18±0.05
Low Dose	5	4.34±0.92	0.13±0.03	35.06±10.70	0.28±0.10
Mid Dose	5	2.44±0.8	0.10±0.07	33.02±15.71	0.21±0.05
High Dose	5	3.05±1.13	0.10±0.06	28.61±21.14	0.17±0.03
Treatment	Genotoxicity and proliferation
	𝑛	MNPCE (‰)**	%PCE	MNHEP/1000	Metaphase (‰)
CT	5	1.20±0.44	42.55±8.43	0.1±0.17	5.63±3.70
Low Dose	5	0.00±0.00	31.08±12.28	0.30±0.44	3.90±3.27
Mid Dose	5	2.00±1.41	43.64±17.62	0.40±0.65	2.00±2.18
High Dose	5	3.20±2.07	43.45±7.87	0.70±1.10	2.20±1.10
Ben/DEN	3	10.75±4.21^∗	49.76±5.30	1.33±1.41^∗	9.75±3.10

(b)

Treatment	Phase I and phase II xenobiotic metabolism
	𝑛	CYP (nmol/mg)**	CYP2E1 (nmol/min/mg)**	GST (mmol/min/mg)	GSTT1 (nmol/min/mg)**
CT	5	0.54±0.11	1.06±0.29	0.47±0.06	0.33±0.10
Low Dose	5	0.72±0.09	1.64±0.22	0.46±0.08	0.58±0.13
Mid Dose	5	0.60±0.10	1.96±0.32	0.51±0.07	0.38±0.16
High Dose	5	0.41±0.08	1.06±0.21	0.50±0.07	0.34±0.11
tSBO	3	0.85±0.07^∗	2.36±0.14	0.53±0.06	0.74±0.18^∗
Treatment	Antioxidant enzymes
	𝑛	SOD^†**	GPx (U/mg)**	Gred (U/mg)**	CAT (k/mg)
CT	5	1.11±0.07	0.13±0.01	0.05±0.014	0.51±0.12
Low Dose	5	0.96±0.11	0.08±0.01	0.05±0.010	0.50±0.15
Mid Dose	5	0.89±0.03	0.11±0.01	0.03±0.007	0.42±0.05
High Dose	5	0.83±0.05	0.08±0.02	0.03±0.012	0.39±0.06
CCl4	3	0.71±0.06^∗	0.08±0.02^∗	0.02±0.005^∗	0.3±0.13^∗
Treatment	Oxidative stress
	𝑛	[GSH] (mmol/g)**	[GSSG] (mmol/g)**	[GSH]/[GSSG]**	TBARS (nmol/mg)**
CT	5	6.79±4.02	0.15±0.07	47.30±15.08	0.15±0.04
Low Dose	5	15.57±1.63	0.18±0.08	95.21±33.83	0.19±0.01
Mid Dose	5	7.63±0.64	0.13±0.03	60.91±11.21	0.27±0.005
High Dose	5	7.02±1.15	0.53±0.36	16.05±5.42	0.27±0.02
CCl4	3	10.38±3.6	0.52±0.24^∗	20.53±2.95^∗	0.19±0.02^∗
Treatment	Genotoxicity and proliferation
	𝑛	MNPCE (‰)	%PCE**	MNHEP/1000	Metaphase (‰)**
CT	5	1.88±1.27	53.58±5.80	0.1±0.17	2.30±2.52
Low Dose	5	1.13±0.64	40.23±12.87	0.19±0.25	2.13±1.25
Mid Dose	5	0.75±1.07	52.91±2.80	0.06±0.17	2.1±2.7
High Dose	5	0.56±0.50	43.75±11.84	0.31±0.45	0.25±0.46
Ben/DEN	3	5.38±3.12^∗	56.61±2.39	1.33±1.41^∗	9.75±3.10^∗

Mean values plus standard deviations are presented for all the parameters.
*Positive controls significantly different from negative controls (Student 𝑡-test).
**Parameters where a difference due to the treatment was found at least in one dose. Kruskal-Wallis rank test, 𝑃≤0.05. See text for details.
^†Relative units.