MicroRNA Roles in the NF-κB Signaling Pathway during Viral Infections

Figure 2

Canonical NF-𝜅B signaling network regulated by miRNAs. PRRs are activated by different types of pathogens and initiate signaling transduction to induce the production of inflammatory cytokines. Host- or virus-derived miRNAs are involved in delicate regulation of the pathway at multiple levels. PRRs: pattern recognition receptors; MyD88: myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88; IRAK: Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase; TRAF: TNF receptor-associated factor; CYLD: Cylindromatosis; TAB: TAK1-binding protein; TAK: TGF-𝛽-activating kinase; NEMO: NF-𝜅B Essential Modulator or IKK𝛾; PENT: phosphatase and tensin homologue; SMAD7: mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 7; PDCD4: programmed cell death protein 4; NFR: NF-𝜅B repressing factor.