Punicalagin and Ellagic Acid Demonstrate Antimutagenic Activity and Inhibition of Benzo[a]pyrene Induced DNA Adducts

Table 1

Effect of punicalagin on the 2-aminofluorene induced mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium.

Treatment	Dose (μM)	Number of His^+ revertants colonies/plate (mean ± SE)
		TA 97a	TA 98	TA 100	TA 102
Spontaneous		144.0±8.7	39.7±3.8	140.3±10.8	325.7±16.6
Positive control (2AF)	1.5 μg	336.7±14.4	254.0±11.8	510.3±23.9	1475.0±38.1
^aPunicalagin	50	132.3±8.8	40.7±2.9	136.0±11.7	320.0±21.9
	100	158.0±7.4	36.3±1.8	162.7±15.0	341.0±18.3
	250	165.7±10.9	31.0±1.7	175.3±14.3	356.0±10.4
	500	188.0±9.5	22.3±1.8	191.0±15.0	358.0±19.9
^bPunicalagin + 2AF	50	304.7±19.8 (15.7)	210.3±10.7 (20.5)	426.7±28.3 (22.4)	1028.0±21.8^∗∗∗ (38.7)
	100	270.3±10.1^∗ (37.1)	172.3±12.0^∗∗ (37.5)	358.0±12.2^∗∗ (43.8)	854.0±31.6^∗∗∗ (54.8)
	250	246.7±12.3^∗∗ (52.6)	122.0±9.9^∗∗ (59.2)	304.3±19.5^∗∗ (61.5)	660.0±24.7^∗∗∗ (72.8)
	500	220.0±9.3^∗∗∗ (78.5)	65.3±4.1^∗∗∗ (81.4)	245.0±9.6^∗∗∗ (83.1)	563.0±29.4^∗∗∗ (81.6)
𝑅^2		0.98	0.99	0.99	0.99

aNegative control; ^bpreincubation test; values in parenthesis are % inhibition of mutagenicity.
^∗𝑃<0.05; ^∗∗𝑃<0.005 and ^∗∗∗𝑃<0.001; 2AF: 2-aminofluorene; 𝑅²: linear regression analysis.