Human Cytomegalovirus and Autoimmune Disease

Table 2

Prevalence of HCMV specific IgG and IgM in autoimmune disease patients.

Nationality/ethnic background/group	Disease				Control group					Reference
	Nr^a	Age^b	HCMV seropositivity		Group	Nr	Age	HCMV seropositivity
			% IgG	% IgM				% IgG	% IgM
Systemic sclerosis
Turkey	46	45	96		Primary antiphospholipid syndrome; healthy	38; 65	36; 35	95; 95		[81]
Caucasians	137		66		Patients with osteoarthritis, fibromyalgia, gout or regional musculoskeletal pain syndromes	145		69		[82]
Swiss	86	56	59	20	RA; osteoarthritis	43; 43	56	12; 21	7; 16	[83]
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Turkey	198	38	100		Primary antiphospholipid syndrome; healthy	38; 65	36; 35	95; 95		[81]
French/inactive SLE; active SLE	76; 42	34; 35	76; 83		Healthy	31	33	58		[84]
Taiwanese	87		97	10	Cerebral vascular accident patients	97		100	1	[85]
variable	36	15	42		Matched sibling/relative/friend	36	16	47		[86]
African American	144		81	11	Randomly selected from driver’s license agencies	72	Matched	79	8	[87]
White	86		55	9	Randomly selected from driver’s license agencies	204	Matched	57	5	[87]
variable	196	45	66		Healthy	392	46	69		[88]
Norwegian	20	54	95	45	Healthy	26	49	69	4	[89]
Italian	60	41	82	5	Blood donors	100	40	69	3	[90]
British	97		91		RA; healthy	50; 97		64; 43		[91]
Variable	117	<20	36		Healthy	153	Matched	26		[92]
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Finnish	169	1.3	23		Healthy, matched for HLA-DQB1	791	1.3	26		[93]
Finnish	90	<7	47	4	Healthy	90	<7	42	4	[94]
Finnish	11	<2	18		Healthy siblings	11	<2	56		[94]
Multiple sclerosis
Swedish	658	35	57		Healthy	786	36	65		[95]
Iranian	78	29	98		Healthy	123	29	52		[96]
Variable (USA)	189	15	28		Healthy	66	15	36		[97]
variable	144		50		Healthy	288		56		[1]
Norwegian	144	39	63		Traumatic fractures or rupture, gynaegological or plastic surgery disorder	170	40	69		[98]
Spanish	41	39	78		OND (other neurological disease	31	48	85		[99]
Rheumatoid Arthritis
German	202		57		Blood bank	272	Matched	54		[100]
Swiss	43	56	12	7	Osteoarthritis	43	56	21	16	[83]
English	50		64		Healthy	97		43		[91]
Autoimmune thyroid disease
Greece	34	10	50		Healthy	31	9	55		[101]
Sjögren’s syndrome
English	24		79		Healthy (dental reatment)	24	Matched	63		[102]

a Number of subjects.
b Median age of subjects.