Individual Subject Meta-Analysis of Parameters for Giardia duodenalis Shedding in Animal Experimental Models

Table 6

Multivariable generalized linear mixed model showing risk factor associations for Giardia duodenalis cyst shedding outcomes¹.

Variable	Categories	Odds ratio estimate	95% Wald confidence limits	𝑃 value
Experimental Species	Gerbils^2
	Mice	0.16^3	(0.003, 8.87)	0.37
	Other Animals	0.03^4	(<0.001, 5.05)	0.18
	Other Rodents	4.30^5	(0.10, 183.05)	0.45
Age	Young^2
	Adult	0.36	(0.05, 2.43)	0.30
Infective Stage	Trophozoites^2
	Cysts	5.02^6	(2.63, 9.56)	<0.001^12
Giardia Dose	Not applied (continuous variable)	2.67^7	(1.81, 3.94)	<0.001^12
Administration Route	Gastric Intubation^2
	Other Than Gastric Intubation	10.39	(0.19, 573.61)	0.25
Giardia Dose by Experimental Species	Mice	4.36^8	(1.59, 11.93)	0.004^12
	Other Animals	2.12^9	(0.12, 37.45)	0.61
	Other Rodents	0.09^10	(0.01, 0.72)	0.02^12
Giardia Dose by Infective Stage	Cysts	0.57^11	(0.41, 0.81)	0.002^12

1Pseudo-AIC = 7013.49.
¹Generalized chi-square statistic and its degrees of freedom (gener. Chi-sq/df) = 0.66.
²Corresponds to the reference category.
³The odds ratio estimate corresponds to Mice versus Gerbils at the mean log dose.
⁴The odds ratio estimate corresponds to Other Animals versus Gerbils at the mean log dose.
⁵The odds ratio estimate corresponds to Other Rodents versus Gerbils at the mean log dose.
⁶The odds ratio estimate corresponds to Cysts versus Trophozoites at the mean log dose.
⁷The odds ratio estimate corresponds to an increase of one in log dose in Gerbils with Trophozoites.
⁸The odds ratio corresponding to an increase of one in log dose in Mice is 4.36 times that in Gerbils.
⁹The odds ratio corresponding to an increase of one in log dose in Other Animals is 2.12 times that in Gerbils.
¹⁰The odds ratio corresponding to an increase of one in log dose in Other Rodents is 0.09 times that in Gerbils.
¹¹The odds ratio corresponding to an increase of one in log dose in Cysts is 0.57 times that in Trophozoites.
¹²Risk factors with statistically significant results.