A Simple Model to Assess the Probability of Invasion in Ductal Carcinoma In Situ of the Breast Diagnosed by Needle Biopsy

Box 1

A simplified model to predict the probability of invasion in ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast diagnosed by needle biopsy.

Major risk factor: suspect (micro)invasion in the biopsy specimen

Minor risk factors:

(i) the lesion is visible on ultrasonography

(ii) the size of the lesion on mammography is >30 mm

(iii) the lesion is palpable

Maximum one minor risk factor present → low probability of invasion

Suspected (micro)invasion in the biopsy specimen OR presence of a minimum of two minor

risk factors → high probability of invasion