Review Article

Cryoablation of Early-Stage Primary Lung Cancer

Table 1

The literature on cryoablation of lung tumors.

Study group and yearNumber of patientsTumor dataTumor size* (mm)IndicationsFreeze/thaw cycle Follow-up LCRSurvival

Wang et al. [17], 2005187: 165 NSCLC (5 stage I, 17 stage II, 80 stage III, and 63 stage IV), 22 metastasis234 tumors: 196 primary cancer and 38 metastasis in peripheral locations and in central locationsLocal control and palliationDoubleNANANA

Kawamura et al. [18], 200620: all metastasis35Mean tumor size, 13.3 Local controlTriple9 to 28 months (median, 21 months)LCR: 80%1 y OS: 89.4%

Zemlyak et al. [35], 201027: all NSCLC (27 stage I)27NALocal control NAMean, 33 months LCR: 89%3 y OS/cancer-specific survival/cancer-free survival rate: 77.0%/90.2%/45.6%, respectively

Yamauchi et al. [28], 201124: all metastasis55 Local control TripleMedian, 40 months 1 /3 y LCR: 90.8% and 59%, respectively, 3 y LCR of tumors <15 mm and >15 mm: 79.8% and 28.6%, respectively ( )1 /3 y OS: 91%/59.6%, respectively

Zhang et al. [14], 201246: all NSCLC (12 stage I, 19 stage II, and 15 stage III)46 Local control Double24 months2 y LCR: 83.7%.2 y OS: 93.5%.

Pusceddu et al. [19], 201332: 11 NSCLC (4 stage I, 3 stage II, 3 stage III, and 1 stage IV), 21 metastasis34 tumors: 11 primary cancer and 23 metastasis Local controlDouble or triple6 months1 /3 /6 mo technical success: 82%/97%/91%, respectively NA

Yamauchi et al. [8], 201222: all NSCLC (22 stage I)34 Local controlTriple12 to 68 months (median, 23 months)LCR of 97%2 /3 y OS: 88%/88%, respectively

Yashiro et al. [27], 201371 (patients characteristics were not reported)210 tumors: 11 primary cancer and 199 metastasisMean tumor size, 12.8 Local controlTriple79 to 2467 days (median, 454 days)1 /2 /3 y LCR: 80.4%/69.0%/67.7%, respectively NA

Plus-minus values are means ± standard deviation, NA = not available, OS = overall survival, LCR = local control rate.