Autoimmune disease miRNA Expression localization and regulatory role Documented and postulated effect Reference Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) miR-146a 155 PMBC ↑ P [13 ] miR-146a 155 Synovial tissue RASFs and synovial fluid ↑ P [14 , 15 ] miR-146a 155 PMBC-derived CD4+ T cell ↑ P [16 ] miR-146a 155 Th-17 cell ↑ P [17 ] miR-124 ↑ cell proliferation MCP-1 production Inflammatory pathogenesis [19 ] miR-34* Demethylated promoter increases miR-34a* expression Promotes apoptosis [18 ] miR-346 Regulates IL-18 release Inflammatory pathogenesis [20 ] miR-203a MMP IL-6 production ↑ Proinflammatory factor [21 ] miR-363 498 Plasma ↓ P [16 ] miR-24 125a-5p Plasma ↑ P [23 ] Let-7a PMBC ↓ P [13 ] miR-132 16 PMBC ↑ P [13 ] miR-140 Human articular chondrocytes ↓ Regulates pathways that control cartilage development and homeostasis [24 ] miR-323-3p Synovial fibroblast ↑ Biomarker for immune and inflammatory response enhances Wnt/cadherin pathway activation [25 ] miR-155 PBMC and fibroblast-like synoviocytes ↑ Against inflammatory effect [22 ]
Multiple sclerosis (MS) miR-18b 599 493 RRMS ↑ P [33 ] miR-145 186 664 20b 422a 142-3p 584 223 1275 491-5p Dysregulated in whole blood P [34 ] miR-34a 155 326 ↑ active compared to inactive MS P [35 ] miR-21 106b RRMS SPMS PPMS serum ↑ P [36 ] miR-17-5p, 19a/b, 20a and 92b B-lymphocytes of MS patients ↓ P [37 ] Several miRNAs Differentially expressed in CD4+ CD25high cells P [38 ] miR-17-5p CD4+ cell from RRMS patients ↑ P [39 ] miR-326 MS patients ↑ Promotes Th-17 differentiation and pathogenesis [32 ]
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) Several miRNAs Differentially expressed in lupus nephritis and SLE P [44 ] miR-146a Target IFN regulatory factor 5 and STAT-1 repress the transactivation of type I IFN Negative regulator of innate immunity [45 , 46 ] miR-3148 Binds with SNP rs3853839 and TLR7-TLT8 regions Distinguishes populations of non-Asians and Asians [47 ] miR-21 Regulating PDCD Immune response [48 ] miR-146a Serum of SLE patients
P [49 ] miR-155 Serum of SLE patients ↓ P [49 ] Hsa-miR-371-5P 1224-3P 423-5P Differentially expressed in lupus nephritis P [50 ] miR-15 Splenic cellular and plasma in murine model ↑ Pathogenesis [53 ] miR-148a 21 DNA methylation in lupus Epigenetic regulation [51 ]
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) miRs-199a-5p 362-3p 532-3p Peripheral blood from active CD patients ↑ P [56 ] miR-149* plus-F1065 Peripheral blood from active CD patients ↓ P [56 ] Several miRNAs Blood from active UC patients ↑ P [56 ] miR-505* Blood from active UC patients ↓ P [56 ] miRs-28-5p 103-2* 1495*151-5p 340* 505* 532-3p plus-E1153 ↑ peripheral blood of active UC patients versus active CD patients P [56 ] miR-505* ↓ in peripheral blood of active UC patients versus active CD patient P [56 ] miRs-195 16 93 140 30e 20a 106a 192 21 484 let-7b Differentially expressed in serum from CD patients P [57 ] miRs-16 23a 29a 106a 107 126 191 199a-5p 200c 362-3p 532-3p Blood from CD patients ↑ P [58 ] miRs-16 21 28-5p 151-5p 155 199a-5p Blood from UC patients ↑ P [58 ] miRs-188-5p 422a 378 500 501-5p 769-5p 874 Dysregulated in microvesicles peripheral blood mononuclear cells’ platelets of UC patients P [59 ] miRs-192 375 422b 16 21 23a 24 29a 126 195 Dysregulated in sigmoid colon biopsies from active UC patients P [60 ] miR-21 155 Dysregulated in inflamed colonic mucosa from active UC patients [61 ] miR-150 Inflamed colonic mucosa of UC patients ↑ P [62 ] miRs-26a 29a 29b 30c 126* 127-3p 196a 324-3p Dysregulated in colonic tissue of IBD P [63 ] Several miRNAs Differentially expressed in colonic tissue from quiescent UC versus CD patients P [63 ] miR-143 Negatively correlates with MEK-2 Unknown [64 ] miR-145 Negatively correlates with IRS-1 K-RAS API-5 Unknown [64 ] miR-7 Negatively correlates with its target-CD98 Interferes with natural proliferation and differentiation of enterocytes [65 ]
