Nucleic Acid Aptamers: Research Tools in Disease Diagnostics and Therapeutics

Table 1

A list of aptamers generated against various ligands.

Nature	Aptamer name	Ligand/target	Kd (nM)	Disease	Reference
	RNA aptamer	RIG1 (1-925aa)	≤37.2	Antiviral activity via modulating IFN𝛼/𝛽 production	[10]
	AFP aptamer	AFP (fetal protein)	33	Hepatocellular carcinoma	[11]
	Class III GSH aptamer 8.17	Glutathione	41.8	Breast cancer (human breast adenocarcinoma cell line, MCF-7)	[12]
	MDA aptamer M1	MDA (4,4′-methylenedianiline)	450	Carcinogenic and DNA damaging agent	[13]
	RNA aptamer	Rev peptide	19–36	HIV	[14]
	RNA aptamer S66A-C6, RNA aptamer S69A-C15	V3 loop of gp120, HIV-1RT	406, 637	HIV	[15]
	Anti-gp120 aptamer chimera	Glycoprotein 120 (gp120)	na	HIV	[16]
	Class I and Class II; AChR aptamer	Acetylcholine receptor (AChR)	2 and 12, respectively	Neuromuscular disorder	[17]
	RNAapt TH14	Beta-Secretase; BACE1 (B1-CT)	280	Alzheimer’s disease	[18]
	Anti-EGFR aptamer (E07)	Epidermal growth factor receptor	2.4	Breast and lung cancer	[19]
RNA	DBL1𝛼-specific; RNA aptamer	Erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1)	33 inhibitory conc.	Malaria	[20]
	2′F RNA and 2′NH2 aptamer	Human keratinocyte growth factor	0.0003–0.003 and 0.4	Cancer	[21]
	RNA aptamer; (10th rounds 4°C)	L-selectin	17	Inflammation	[22]
	RNA aptamer	NF-kB p50 homodimer	5.4 ± 2.2	Cancer and inflammation	[23]
	Anti-PSMA chimera	Prostate specific membrane antigen	na	Prostate cancer	[24]
	Aptamer number 5	T-cell factor 1	100	Colon cancer	[25]
	TTA1	Tenascin-C	5	Glioblastoma, breast cancer	[26, 27]
	RNA aptamer	TGF𝛽 type III receptor	1	Ovarian cancer	[28]
	Pegaptanib sodium, NX1838	VEGF 165 (vascular endothelial growth factor 165)	0.05	Age related macular degeneration	[29]
	RNA aptamer 22	WT1	700	Wilm’s tumor	[30]
	RNA aptamer	𝛽-Catenin	5	Colon cancer	[31]
	RNA aptamer G4	K Ras-derived peptide	139±12	Oncogenic protein	[32]
	RNA aptamer	Amyloid beta-peptide A4 (1-40)	29 to 48	Alzheimer's disease	[33]
	Aptamer BC15; (ssDNA aptamer)	Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNPA1)	111.0 ± 36.9	Breast cancers and liver cancer	[34]
	DNA aptamer HB5	Her 2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2)	18.9	Her 2 positive breast cancer	[35]
DNA	DNA aptamer	0mpC	20	Food borne disease	[36]
	DNA aptamer A and C	TTF1 (member of the NK homeodomain transcription factors)	3.36, and 32.5	Primary lung adenocarcinomas	[37]
	SYL3 DNA aptamer	EpCAM (epithelial cell adhesion molecule)	38±9; 67±8	Breast cancer (MDA-MB-231), gastric cancer (Kato III), and solid cancer	[38]
	MUC1 DNA aptamer	MUC1 peptide (Mucin-1)	0.135 to 33.38	Tumor marker in neoplastic cell	[39]
Peptide	Peptide aptamer	RAD 51 (pY315)	na	Leukemia	[40]
	Peptide aptamer; A8 and A17	HSP70	na	Cancer	[41]
	Peptide aptamer E6	HPV16 E6 oncoprotein	na	HPV positive tumor cells	[42]
	Peptide aptamer AII-7	ErbB2 (avian erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2)	na	Breast cancer	[43]

na: not available.