Differential Effects of Dry Eye Disorders on Metabolomic Profile by ¹H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Table 2

Mean spectral intensity on the metabolites included in the discriminating model between DEDG and CG subjects.

Metabolites	Region; (ppm)	𝑃 value	CG (au)	DEDG (au)
–CH3 lipids	0.84–0.88	3𝑒−6	0.0264±0.006	0.0202±0.006
Cholesterol/lipids	0.90–0.93	7𝑒−7	0.0248±0.005	0.0184±0.006
N-Acetylglucosamine	2.0–2.08	8𝑒−9	0.079±0.02	0.052±0.02
Glutamate	2.325–2.415	0.001	0.0313±0.01	0.0266±0.004
Total creatine	3.02–3.05	9𝑒−9	0.0053±9𝑒−4	0.0067±0.001
Amino-n-butyrate	2.95–3.025	0.0002	0.0135±0.003	0.0157±0.002
Choline/acetylcholine	3.18–3.21	0.01	0.0089±0.002	0.010±0.002
Arginine + phosphoetanolamine	3.21–3.28	3𝑒−6	0.0147±0.003	0.0189±0.004
Choline	4.05–4.09	1𝑒−7	0.0036±0.001	0.0057±0.002
Glucose	5.17–5.29	8𝑒−8	0.0064±0.005	0.0177±0.01
Phenylalanine	7.20–7.40	2𝑒−7	0.0245±0.005	0.0333±0.008