Metoprolol Reduces Proinflammatory Cytokines and Atherosclerosis in ApoE^−/− Mice

Figure 1

Metoprolol dose-finding (Study I). (a) 24-hour heart rate during baseline conditions after three different doses of metoprolol compared with Control mice. Metoprolol was administrated to C57BL76 mice via osmotic minipumps delivering 1.4 mg/kg per hour (dose 1, 𝑛=4), 2.5 mg/kg per hour (dose 2, 𝑛=4), or 4.1 mg/kg per hour (dose 3, 𝑛=4). Average 24-hour values for each group are given in the figure; ^∗𝑃<0.05, ^∗∗𝑃<0.01 versus Control. (b) Heart rate increased for Control mice and metoprolol treated mice receiving dose 1 and dose 2 (1.4 mg/kg per hour and 2.5 mg/kg per hour, resp.) during air-jet stress compared to baseline. For mice receiving metoprolol dose 3 (4.1 mg/kg per hour) heart rate did not increase during air-jet stress, compared to baseline. ^∗𝑃<0.05 versus baseline. Mice received metoprolol treatment for one week prior to heart rate measurements. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM.

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