Development of the Sri Lankan Early Teenagers’ Violence Inventory: An Instrument to Measure Peer Violence in Schools

Table 1

Consensual validity assessed by expert panel for items selected for potential inclusion in the scale and models of PCA developed by exploratory factor analysis carried out on the data obtained by administering inventory among the sample of 1700 adolescents.

Item		Consensual validity assessed by experts			Models of principal component analysis
		Appropriateness as a measure mean (sd)	Appropriateness of the wording used mean (sd)	Relevance in the local context mean (sd)	Victimization			Perpetration
					1	2	3	1	2	3
1	Pinching	8.57 (0.53)	9.14 (0.38)	9.29 (0.76)	0.58	0.04	0.18	0.63	−0.08	0.16
2	Scratching	8.71 (0.95)	9.57 (0.53)	9.71 (0.49)	0.58	0.18	0.09	0.59	0.14	0.21
3	Pulling hair	8.29 (0.76)	9.29 (0.49)	8.71 (0.76)	0.54	0.02	0.15	0.67	0.05	0.11
4	Pulling by tie/dress	8.14 (0.69)	9.29 (0.49)	9.29 (0.76)	0.56	0.05	0.10	0.58	0.041	0.21
5	Pulling ear	8.43 (0.98)	9.14 (0.9)	9.43 (0.53)	0.57	0.22	0.14	0.47	0.01	0.44
6	Knocking on head	9 00 (0.58)	9.14 (0.38)	9.14 (0.9)	0.60	0.08	0.21	0.59	0.07	0.35
7	Slapping	8.86 (0.69)	9.14 (0.69)	9.14 (0.38)	0.67	0.09	0.15	0.63	0.41	0.01
8	Hitting with fist	8.71 (0.76)	8.57 (0.79)	9.29 (0.49)	0.63	0.21	0.12	0.79	0.17	0.16
9	Slapping ears	8.29 (0.95)	8.86 (0.69)	8.29 (0.95)	0.57	0.35	0.09	0.67	0.24	0.19
10	Shoving	9.43 (0.53)	9.29 (0.49)	9.57 (0.53)	0.67	−0.02	0.18	0.53	0.44	−0.04
11	Kicking	8.71 (0.95)	9.29 (0.49)	9.14 (0.69)	0.61	0.28	0.10	0.57	0.35	0.08
12	Throwing objects	9.57 (0.53)	9.71 (0.49)	9.71 (0.49)	0.58	0.06	0.16	0.73	0.10	0.14
13	Calling names	9.57 (0.53)	9.29 (0.49)	9.71 (0.49)	0.45	−0.18	0.31	0.50	−0.01	0.27
14	Excluding from the group	9.29 (0.76)	9.00 (0.00)	9.43 (0.53)	0.62	−0.10	0.21	0.55	0.14	0.13
15	Teasing or laughing sarcastically	8.43 (0.79)	8.43 (0.53)	8.86 (0.69)	0.58	−0.11	0.28	0.54	0.22	0.23
16	Not allowing being a member of their group	9.14 (0.69)	9.14 (0.38)	9.43 (0.53)	0.62	0.06	0.08	0.58	0.36	0.18
17	Not allowing sitting with a friend	8.86 (0.9)	9.14 (0.69)	9.14 (0.9)	0.59	0.09	0.11	0.46	0.03	0.35
18	Not allowing doing things you like	8.14 (0.69)	8.14 (0.69)	9.00 (0.58)	0.57	0.13	0.15	0.42	0.15	0.41
19	Not allowing playing with them	9.43 (0.53)	9.43 (0.53)	9.57 (0.53)	0.56	0.04	0.26	0.44	0.11	0.42
20	Pitting friends against you	9.29 (0.49)	8.86 (0.38)	9.43 (0.53)	0.64	0.04	0.19	0.42	0.16	0.41
21	Tattle-tale teachers to put them against you	8.71 (0.95)	8.71 (0.95)	9.14 (0.69)	0.59	0.13	0.22	0.43	0.11	0.24
22	Using bad words	9.14 (0.69)	9.00 (0.58)	9.14 (0.69)	0.55	0.01	0.43	0.66	0.02	0.16
23	Looking down upon	8.57 (0.79)	8.86 (0.9)	9.14 (0.69)	0.66	0.14	0.15	0.41	0.16	0.02
24	Hitting head against some object	8.14 (0.69)	8.43 (0.53)	9.14 (0.38)	0.40	0.46	0.04	0.24	0.46	0.21
25	Dragging along the floor	8 00 (0.82)	8.43 (0.53)	8.14 (0.69)	0.16	0.49	0.10	0.34	0.56	0.06
26	Choking	8.29 (0.49)	8.86 (0.69)	8.71 (0.49)	0.38	0.44	0.05	0.33	0.50	0.17
27	Burning	8.14 (0.69)	9.14 (0.38)	8.14 (0.90)	0.07	0.47	0.09	0.07	0.58	−0.02
28	Hitting with a pole	8.86 (0.69)	8.43 (0.53)	9.14 (0.38)	0.24	0.46	0.05	0.08	0.52	0.37
29	Hitting with sharp weapon	9 00 (0.58)	8.57 (0.53)	8.71 (0.76)	0.12	0.48	−0.04	−0.00	0.70	0.12
30	Hitting with another weapon	8.86 (0.69)	8.43 (0.53)	9.00 (0.58)	0.11	0.53	−0.03	0.13	0.58	−0.10
31	Hitting genitals	8.29 (0.76)	8 00 (0.82)	8.29 (0.76)	0.32	0.41	0.06	0.29	0.20	0.19
32	Stealing or taking belongings forcefully	8.43 (0.98)	8.71 (0.49)	8.86 (0.69)	0.28	0.14	0.49	0.13	0.29	0.41
33	Threatening	8.57 (0.79)	8.57 (0.53)	8.57 (0.79)	0.32	0.26	0.51	0.30	0.10	0.67
34	Telling tales about or spreading rumors using wall posters	8.86 (0.69)	8.43 (0.53)	8.86 (0.69)	0.20	−0.02	0.57	0.00	0.19	0.46
35	Claiming to involve in an intimate relationship without your interest	8.14 (0.69)	8.14 (0.69)	8.14 (0.38)	0.39	−0.02	0.41	0.09	0.17	0.58
36	Claiming to continue an intimate relationship without your interest	8.71 (0.95)	8.43 (0.53)	8.43 (0.53)	0.33	−0.08	0.42	0.10	0.16	0.41
37	Threatening via SMS using mobile phones/phones	8.14 (0.69)	8.43 (0.53)	8.29 (0.76)	0.31	−0.06	0.43	0.19	0.10	0.42
38	Biting*	8.29 (0.76)	8.29 (0.49)	8.43 (0.53)	0.22	0.32	0.13	0.34	0.24	−0.03
39	Spreading rumours using e-mail/internet/Facebook*	8.14 (0.38)	7.71 (0.49)	6.57 (1.13)	0.07	−0.04	0.09	0.13	−0.04	0.17
40	Trying to kiss you against your will**	4.43 (1.72)	5.57 (1.13)	3.43 (0.79)
41	Threatening to kill**	4.29 (1.11)	4.14 (0.69)	4.00 (0.82)
42	Writing sexual graffiti about you**	4.71 (1.11)	4.43 (0.79)	3.86 (0.69)

∗Dropped from the final inventory as it did not load in any domain successfully in PCA.
∗∗Dropped from the final inventory due to low consensual validity.
Items 𝟏--𝟐𝟑:less severe violence. Items 24–31: severe physical violence. Items 32–37: severe relational violence.