Review Article
Understanding Host-Adherent-Invasive Escherichia coli Interaction in Crohn’s Disease: Opening Up New Therapeutic Strategies
Table 1
Abnormal prevalence of Escherichia coli in Crohn’s disease patients.
| Date | Country | Method | Sample | References |
| 1978 | United Kingdom | Antibody | Blood | [35] | 1978 | United Kingdom | Culture | Ileal and colonic biopsies | [36] | 1995 | United States of America | Immunocytochemical | Intestines and mesenteric lymph node specimens | [37] | 1997 | The Netherlands | DNA probe | Rectal biopsies and feces | [38] | 1998 | France | Culture | Ileal biopsies | [39] | 2001 | France | Ribotyping | Ileal biopsies | [40] | 2002 | Japan | qPCR1 | Small and large intestine and ileocolitis biopsies | [41] | 2004 | Ireland | Nested PCR | Microdissected granulomas | [42] | 2004 | United Kingdom | Culture | Ileal, ileocolonic, and colonic biopsies | [43] | 2004 | France | Culture | Ileal biopsies | [44] | 2005 | United Kingdom | FISH2 | Rectal biopsies | [45] | 2006 | United States of America | OmpC Antibody | Serum | [46] | 2007 | Canada | Culture | Ileocolonic and colonic biopsies | [47] | 2007 | United Kingdom | qPCR1 | Ileal biopsies | [48] | 2007 | United States of America | Culture | Colonic biopsies | [49] | 2009 | France | qPCR1 | Ileal biopsies | [50] | 2009 | Sweden | qPCR1 | Ileal biopsies | [51] | 2009 | Denmark | Culture | Feces | [52] | 2010 | Germany | Cloning | Colonic biopsies | [53] | 2010 | Germany | qPCR1 | Feces | [54] | 2010 | Australia | Microarray | Feces | [55] | 2011 | France | qPCR1 | Feces | [56] | 2011 | Brazil | Culture | Rectal biopsies | [57] | 2012 | Brazil | Culture | Ileal, colonic, and rectal biopsies | [58] | 2013 | United States of America | Culture | Ileal biopsies | [59] | 2013 | China | qPCR1 | Feces | [60] | 2013 | United Kingdom | culture | Ileal, ileocolonic, and colonic biopsies | [61] | 2014 | Spain | qPCR1 | Ileal, ileocolonic, and colonic biopsies | [23] | 2014 | Australia | qPCR1 | Ileal biopsies | [62] |
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Quantitative polymerase chain reaction; 2fluorescent in situ hybridization.
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