Improvements in Memory after Medial Septum Stimulation Are Associated with Changes in Hippocampal Cholinergic Activity and Neurogenesis
Figure 4
Effects of MS-DBS on adult hippocampal neurogenesis revealed by doublecortin immunohistochemistry. Representative pictures show the effects of basal forebrain cholinergic deficits and MS-DBS on hippocampal neurogenesis (a–d). Many doublecortin immunopositive cells were observed in the normal group (a). However, the number of these cells was decreased in the lesion (b) and implantation (c) groups, in which basal forebrain cholinergic neurons were damaged, but not in the stimulation group (d). After counting the immunopositive cells (e), we found that the number of cells in the normal group was significantly different from that in the lesion group (). However, there was no difference between the lesion group and the implantation group, which was only implanted with an electrode in the MS. The number of doublecortin immunopositive cells was significantly increased in the stimulation group (), which had damaged basal forebrain cholinergic neurons and received electrical stimulation of the MS.
