BioMed Research International

Review Article

The Landscape of Protein Biomarkers Proposed for Periodontal Disease: Markers with Functional Meaning

Table 2

Information used for the functional analysis and critical appraisal of each protein suggested as biomarker.
Protein name UniprotKB AC Gene name (STRING) Disease and disease biomarker Quantification (fold change) Saliva (OralCard) CF (OralCard) Mucosa (OralCard) Saliva non-PD (OralCard) Extracellular (GO CC) Intracellular (GO CC) Intracellular membrane bonded (GO CC) Secretory granule (GO CC) Endocytic vesicle (GO CC) Immune system process (GO BP) Regulation of immune system process (GO BP) Innate immune response (GO BP) Response to bacterium (GO BP) Response to LPS (GO BP) Leucocyte migration (GO BP) Regulation of cytokine production (GO BP) Inflammatory response (GO BP) Regulation of inflammatory response (GO BP) Positive regulation of acute inflammatory response (GO BP) Response to interleukin 1 (GO BP) Enzyme inhibitor activity (GO MF) Positive regulation of MAPK cascade (GO BP) Jak-Stat signaling (GO BP) Regulation of ERK1/2 cascade (GO BP) Adaptive response (GO BP) T cell activation (GO BP) Osteoclastogenesis (GO BP) Coagulation/wounding (GO BP) Platelet activation (GO BP) Platelet degranulation (GO BP) Platelet-derived growth factor receptor binding (GO MF) Angiogenic activity (GO BP) Regulation of peptidase activity (GO MF) Ras GTPase binding activity (GO MF) Biomarker for other pathologies (OralCard)
C-C motif chemokine ligand 13Q99616CCL13PC4.97 +  +         + +                 +
Thymidine phosphorylaseP19971TYMPPC−3.70 + + +                        ++  +
C-C motif chemokine 2P13500CCL2PC1.90++       +    +                   +
Fibronectin (FN)P02751FN1PC1.84++ +     +    +            + +     
Angiotensinogen (serpin A8)P01019AGTPC— + +++         + +   +             
ClusterinP10909CLUPC— + ++  + +++            +  +++     
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 (COX-2)P35354PTGS2PC0.00 ++  ++     +  ++++            +  +
Oncostatin-MP13725OSMPC  
G		726.0
128.0		 +  +            ++  ++            
C-C motif chemokine 3P10147CCL3PC  
PI		18.00
+		++              +                 +
Protein S100-A9P06702S100A9PA 
 PC  
G		−1.40
10.41
−1.75		++ +++     +++++     + +          +
Protein S100-A8P05109S100A8PC  
G		3.07
0.00		++ +++      ++                    +
AzurocidinP20160AZU1PC  
G		6.15
3.35		 + + + +    + +++                 +
Matrix metalloproteinase-9P14780MMP9PC  
G  
PI		3.54
0.00
+		++ ++       ++     +              +
Prolactin-inducible proteinP12273PIPPC  
G		−2.55
0.00		++ +     +                        +
Superoxide dismutaseP00441SOD1PA  
PC		0.00
1.85		++ +     +                 + +     
LactotransferrinP02788LTFPA  
PC		0.60
1.94		++ +  +  +  +                      
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase AP62937PPIAPC  
G		1.73
0.00		++ +     ++   +            + +     
Apolipoprotein A-IP02647APOA1PC  
G		1.56
0.00		 + +      +                + +     
Cystatin-SNP01037CST1PC  
G		−1.47
0.00		++ +                            + +
Mucin 5BQ9HC84MUC5BPC  
G		1.01
0.00		+  ++++                            
Cystatin-SP01036CST4PC  
G		−0.10
0.00		++ +                            +  
Hemoglobin subunit deltaP02042HBDPA  
PC  
G		158.2
30.87
11.00		 + +                       +      +
RANKLO14788TNFSF11PA  
PC  
G  
PI		56.99
16.09
1.32
12.89		+++ ++        +  ++  + +           
OsteoprotegerinO00300TNFRSF11BPA  
PC  
G  
PI		−4.00
−2.28
−2.44
−0.71		++++                      +       +
Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalinP80188LCN2PA  
PC		18.90
1.77		++ +++     +++     +              +
Plastin-2P13796LCP1PA  
PC  
G		15.60
4.93
0.00		++ +++                   +        +
Neutrophil defensin 1P59665DEFA1PA  
PC		−14.8
4.00		++ ++  +    +                     + 
SerotransferrinP02787TFPA  
PC  
G		−10.4
1.56
0.00		++ + ++ +                  +++    +
Lysozyme CP61626LYZPA  
PC  
G		−9.10
1.99
−1.41		++ ++       +   +                 +
Annexin A1P04083ANXA1PA  
PC  
G		−8.10
1.46
−1.43		++ +++          ++ ++             +
Profilin-1P07737PFN1PA  
PC  
G		4.50
2.51
2.00		++ + ++                    +++   ++
Ig alpha-1 chain C regionP01876IGHA1PA  
PC  
G		−4.70
1.67
0.00		++ +                    +         +
Ig gamma-2 chain C regionP01859IGHG2PA  
PC		3.55
1.88		++ +                    +         +
Ig alpha-2 chain C regionP01877IGHA2PA  
PC		3.10
−1.19		++ +                    +         +
DermcidinP81605DCDPA  
PC  
G		−2.80
1.39
0.00		 +          +                     +
Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 1P04264KRT1PA  
PC  
G		−44.3
34.9
−1.45		++ + +     +                      +
Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 2 oralQ01546KRT76PA  
PC  
G		−6.4
5.18
−1.79		 + + +                            
Complement C3P01024C3PA  
PC		−1.30
1.58		++ ++      +    + + +             +
Neutrophil elastaseP08246ELANEPA  
PC  
G  
PI		2.00
6.50
0.00
12.80		 + + + +    ++++++                +
Neutrophil collagenaseP22894MMP8PA  
PC  
PI		1.10
1.82
9.70		++ ++         +                   +
Alpha-2-macroglobulinP01023A2MPC  
G  
PI		2.15
0.00
8.10		++ +++ +         +                +
Alkaline phosphatase. tissue-nonspecific isozymeP05186ALPLPI5.90 +  +       ++                     
Neutrophil defensin 3P59666DEFA3PC  
G		2.63
−2.08		++ +        +                     +
GO CC: gene ontology cellular component; GO BP: gene ontology biological process; GO MF: gene ontology molecular function.