BioMed Research International

Copyright © 2014 Ehsan Mihandoost et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Linked References

1. C. K. K. Nair, D. K. Parida, and T. Nomura, “Radioprotectors in radiotherapy,” Journal of Radiation Research, vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 21–37, 2001. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
2. L. K. Ballas, E. B. Elkin, D. Schrag, B. D. Minsky, and P. B. Bach, “Radiation therapy facilities in the United States,” International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics, vol. 66, no. 4, pp. 1204–1211, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
3. J. Wang, M. Boerma, Q. Fu, and M. Hauer-Jensen, “Significance of endothelial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of early and delayed radiation enteropathy,” World Journal of Gastroenterology, vol. 13, no. 22, pp. 3047–3055, 2007. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
4. G. Steel, Basic Clinical Radiobiology, Edward Arnold, rd edition, 2002.
5. A. Shirazi, G. Ghobadi, and M. Ghazi-Khansari, “A radiobiological review on melatonin: a novel radioprotector,” Journal of Radiation Research, vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 263–272, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
6. R. Arora, Herbal Radiomodulators: Applications in Medicine, Homeland Defence and Space, CABI Publishing, 2008.
7. V. Vijayalaxmi, R. J. Reiter, D.-X. Tan, T. S. Herman, and C. R. Thomas Jr., “Melatonin as a radioprotective agent: a review,” International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics, vol. 59, no. 3, pp. 639–653, 2004. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
8. E. Bump and K. Malaker, Radioprotectors: Chemical, Biological, and Clinical Perspectives, CRC, 1997.
9. A. Shirazi, E. Mihandoost, S. R. Mahdavi, and M. Mohseni, “Radio-protective role of antioxidant agents,” Oncology Reviews, vol. 6, no. 2, p. e16, 2012. View at Google Scholar
10. V. Vijayalaxmi, M. L. Meltz, R. J. Reiter, T. S. Herman, and S. Kumar K, “Melatonin and protection from whole-body irradiation: survival studies in mice,” Mutation Research, vol. 425, no. 1, pp. 21–27, 1999. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
11. J. F. Weiss and M. R. Landauer, “Protection against ionizing radiation by antioxidant nutrients and phytochemicals,” Toxicology, vol. 189, no. 1-2, pp. 1–20, 2003. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
12. R. Arora, D. Gupta, R. Chawla et al., “Radioprotection by plant products: present status and future prospects,” Phytotherapy Research, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 1–22, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
13. D. Tan, L. Chen, B. Poeggeler, L. Manchester, and R. Reiter, “Melatonin: a potent, endogenous hydroxyl radical scavenger,” Endocrine Journal, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 57–60, 1993. View at Google Scholar
14. A. Shirazi, E. Mihandoost, M. Mohseni, M. Ghazi-Khansari, and S. Rabie Mahdavi, “Radio-protective effects of melatonin against irradiation-induced oxidative damage in rat peripheral blood,” Physica Medica, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 65–74, 2013. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
15. M. Karbownik and R. J. Reiter, “Antioxidative effects of melatonin in protection against cellular damage caused by ionizing radiation (44547),” Experimental Biology and Medicine, vol. 225, no. 1, pp. 9–22, 2000. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
16. R. J. Reiter, D.-X. Tan, J. Cabrera et al., “The Oxidant/Antioxidant network: role of melatonin,” Biological Signals and Receptors, vol. 8, no. 1-2, pp. 56–63, 1999. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
17. W. M. Pardridge and L. J. Mietus, “Transport of albumin-bound melatonin through the blood-brain barrier,” Journal of Neurochemistry, vol. 34, no. 6, pp. 1761–1763, 1980. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
18. D. J. Kennaway and A. Voultsios, “Circadian rhythm of free melatonin in human plasma,” Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, vol. 83, no. 3, pp. 1013–1015, 1998. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
19. R. J. Reiter, “Normal patterns of melatonin levels in the pineal gland and body fluids of humans and experimental animals,” Journal of Neural Transmission. Supplementum, vol. 21, pp. 35–54, 1986. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
20. D.-X. Tan, L. C. Manchester, R. J. Reiter, W. Qi, M. A. Hanes, and N. J. Farley, “High physiological levels of melatonin in the bile of mammals,” Life Sciences, vol. 65, no. 23, pp. 2523–2529, 1999. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
21. A. Rousseau, S. Petrén, J. Plannthin, T. Eklundh, and C. Nordin, “Serum and cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of melatonin: a pilot study in healthy male volunteers,” Journal of Neural Transmission, vol. 106, no. 9-10, pp. 883–888, 1999. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
22. O. Vakkuri, “Diurnal rhythm of melatonin in human saliva,” Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, vol. 124, no. 3, pp. 409–412, 1985. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
23. R. Nowak, I. C. McMillen, J. Redman, and R. V. Short, “The correlation between serum and salivary melatonin concentrations and urinary 6-hydroxymelatonin sulphate excretion rates: two non-invasive techniques for monitoring human circadian rhythmicity,” Clinical Endocrinology, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 445–452, 1987. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
24. A. Brzezinski, M. M. Seibel, and H. J. Lynch, “Melatonin in human preovulatory follicular fluid,” Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, vol. 64, no. 4, pp. 865–867, 1987. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
25. M. S. Bornman, J. M. C. Oosthuizen, H. C. Barnard, G. W. Schulenburg, D. Boomker, and S. Reif, “Melatonin and sperm motility,” Andrologia, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 483–485, 1989. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
26. J. Leston, C. Harthé, J. Brun et al., “Melatonin is released in the third ventricle in humans. A study in movement disorders,” Neuroscience Letters, vol. 469, no. 3, pp. 294–297, 2010. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
27. R. Hardeland, D. P. Cardinali, V. Srinivasan, D. W. Spence, G. M. Brown, and S. R. Pandi-Perumal, “Melatonin-A pleiotropic, orchestrating regulator molecule,” Progress in Neurobiology, vol. 93, no. 3, pp. 350–384, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
28. F. Luchetti, B. Canonico, M. Betti et al., “Melatonin signaling and cell protection function,” The FASEB Journal, vol. 24, no. 10, pp. 3603–3624, 2010. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
29. I. Karslioǧlu, M. V. Ertekin, S. Taysi et al., “Radioprotective effects of melatonin on radiation-induced cataract,” Journal of Radiation Research, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 277–282, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
30. C. Rodriguez, J. C. Mayo, R. M. Sainz et al., “Regulation of antioxidant enzymes: a significant role for melatonin,” Journal of Pineal Research, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 1–9, 2004. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
31. R. J. Reiter, “Antioxidant Actions of Melatonin,” Advances in Pharmacology, vol. 38, pp. 103–117, 1996. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
32. R. J. Reiter, “Oxidative processes and antioxidative defense mechanisms in the aging brain,” The FASEB Journal, vol. 9, no. 7, pp. 526–533, 1995. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
33. R. J. Reiter, “Oxidative damage in the central nervous system: protection by melatonin,” Progress in Neurobiology, vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 359–384, 1998. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
34. S. Sharma and C. Haldar, “Melatonin prevents X-ray irradiation induced oxidative damagein peripheral blood and spleen of the seasonally breeding rodent, Funambulus pennanti during reproductively active phase,” International Journal of Radiation Biology, vol. 82, no. 6, pp. 411–419, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
35. S. Sharma, C. Haldar, S. K. Chaube, T. Laxmi, and S. S. Singh, “Long-term melatonin administration attenuates low-LET γ-radiation- induced lymphatic tissue injury during the reproductively active and inactive phases of Indian palm squirrels (Funambulus pennanti),” British Journal of Radiology, vol. 83, no. 986, pp. 137–151, 2010. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
36. S. Sharma, C. Haldar, and S. K. Chaube, “Effect of exogenous melatonin on X-ray induced cellular toxicity in lymphatic tissue of Indian tropical male squirrel, Funambulus pennanti,” International Journal of Radiation Biology, vol. 84, no. 5, pp. 363–374, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
37. S. Taysi, M. Koc, M. E. Büyükokuroǧlu, K. Altinkaynak, and Y. N. Şahin, “Melatonin reduces lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide during irradiation-induced oxidative injury in the rat liver,” Journal of Pineal Research, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 173–177, 2003. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
38. M. A. El-Missiry, T. A. Fayed, M. R. El-Sawy, and A. A. El-Sayed, “Ameliorative effect of melatonin against gamma-irradiation-induced oxidative stress and tissue injury,” Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, vol. 66, no. 2, pp. 278–286, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
39. G. Şener, N. Jahovic, O. Tosun, B. M. Atasoy, and B. Ç. Yeǧen, “Melatonin ameliorates ionizing radiation-induced oxidative organ damage in rats,” Life Sciences, vol. 74, no. 5, pp. 563–572, 2003. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
40. A. Shirazi, E. Mihandoost, G. Ghobadi, M. Mohseni, and M. Ghazi-Khansari, “Evaluation of radio-protective effect of melatonin on whole body irradiation induced liver tissue damage,” Cell Journal, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 292–297, 2013. View at Google Scholar
41. A. Shirazi, G. H. Haddadi, F. Asadi-Amoli, S. Sakhaee, M. Ghazi-Khansari, and A. Avand, “Radioprotective effect of melatonin in reducing oxidative stress in rat lenses,” Cell Journal, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 79–82, 2011. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
42. S. Aghazadeh, M. Azarnia, A. Shirazi, S. R. Mahdavi, and B. M. Zangii, “Melatonin as a protective agent in spinal cord damage after gamma irradiation,” Reports of Practical Oncology and Radiotherapy, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 95–99, 2007. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
43. A. Shirazi, G. H. Haddadi, M. Ghazi-Khansari, F. Abolhassani, S. R. Mahdavi, and M. R. Eshraghyan, “Evaluation of melatonin for prevention of radiation myelopathy in irradiated cervical spinal cord,” Yakhteh, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 43–48, 2009. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
44. G. Haddadi, A. Shirazi, Z. Sepehrizadeh, S. R. Mahdavi, and M. Haddadi, “Radioprotective effect of melatonin on the cervical spinal cord in irradiated rats,” Cell Journal, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 246–253, 2013. View at Google Scholar
45. F. S. Erol, C. Topsakal, M. F. Ozveren et al., “Protective effects of melatonin and vitamin E in brain damage due to gamma radiation: an experimental study,” Neurosurgical Review, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 65–69, 2004. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
46. M. Koc, M. E. Buyukokuroglu, and S. Taysi, “The effect of melatonin on peripheral blood cells during total body irradiation in rats,” Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 656–657, 2002. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
47. M. Koc, S. Taysi, M. E. Buyukokuroglu, and N. Bakan, “Melatonin protects rat liver against irradiation-induced oxidative injury,” Journal of Radiation Research, vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 211–215, 2003. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
48. G. Şener, B. M. Atasoy, Y. Ersoy, S. Arbak, M. Şengöz, and B. Ç. Yeǧen, “Melatonin protects against ionizing radiation-induced oxidative damage in corpus cavernosum and urinary bladder in rats,” Journal of Pineal Research, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 241–246, 2004. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
49. R. Sisodia, S. Kumari, R. K. Verma, and A. L. Bhatia, “Prophylactic role of melatonin against radiation induced damage in mouse cerebellum with special reference to Purkinje cells,” Journal of Radiological Protection, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 227–234, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
50. M. Karbownik, J. J. Garcia, A. Lewiński, and R. J. Reiter, “Carcinogen-induced, free radical-mediated reduction in microsomal membrane fluidity: reversal by indole-3-propionic acid,” Journal of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 73–78, 2001. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
51. R. J. Reiter, D.-X. Tan, L. C. Manchester, and W. Qi, “Biochemical reactivity of melatonin with reactive oxygen and nitrogen species: a review of the evidence,” Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 237–256, 2001. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
52. S. R. Mahdavi, A. R. Nikoofar, H. R. Mirzaee, B. Mofid, and R. Mohammadi, “Chronological response of prostacyclin changes to moderately low doses of radiation in rat cervical spinal cord,” Iranian Journal of Radiation Research, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 129–136, 2006. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
53. S. R. M. Mahdavi, A. Shirazi, B. Minaee, A. Nikoofar, and H. R. Mirzaee, “Long-term changes of prostacyclin secretion in radiation-induced myelopathy,” Reports of Practical Oncology and Radiotherapy, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 273–279, 2006. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
54. A. Shirazi, S. R. Mahdavi, and K. R. Trott, “Radiation myelopathy: a radiobiological review,” Reports of Practical Oncology and Radiotherapy, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 119–127, 2004. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
55. A. Shirazi, S. R. Mahdavi, B. Minaee, A. Nikoofar, and E. Azizi, “Short-term changes in prostacyclin secretory profile of irradiated rat cervical spinal cord,” Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids, vol. 72, no. 5, pp. 373–378, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
56. C. M. Cagnoli, C. Atabay, E. Kharlamova, and H. Manev, “Melatonin protects neurons from singlet oxygen-induced apoptosis,” Journal of Pineal Research, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 222–226, 1995. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
57. A. W. Siu, R. J. Reiter, and C. H. To, “Pineal indoleamines and vitamin E reduce nitric oxide-induced lipid peroxidation in rat retinal homogenates,” Journal of Pineal Research, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 122–128, 1999. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
58. R. M. Sainz, J. C. Mayo, H. Uría et al., “The pineal neurohormone melatonin prevents in vivo and in vitro apoptosis in thymocytes,” Journal of Pineal Research, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 178–188, 1995. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
59. G. J. M. Maestroni, V. Covacci, and A. Conti, “Hematopoietic rescue via T-cell-dependent, endogenous granulocyte- macrophage colony-stimulating factor induced by the pineal neurohormone melatonin in tumor-bearing mice,” Cancer Research, vol. 54, no. 9, pp. 2429–2432, 1994. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
60. A. C. C. Ruifrok, M. M. Weil, H. D. Thames, and K. A. Mason, “Diurnal variations in the expression of radiation-induced apoptosis,” Radiation Research, vol. 149, no. 4, pp. 360–365, 1998. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
61. M. Mohseni, E. Mihandoost, A. Shirazi, Z. Sepehrizadeh, J. T. Bazzaz, and M. Ghazi-khansari, “Melatonin may play a role in modulation of bax and bcl-2 expression levels to protect rat peripheral blood lymphocytes from gamma irradiation-induced apoptosis,” Mutation Research, vol. 739, pp. 19–27, 2012. View at Google Scholar
62. A. Shirazi, G. Haddadi, B. Minaee et al., “Evaluation of melatonin for modulation of apoptosis-related genes in irradiated cervical spinal cord,” International Journal of Low Radiation, vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 436–445, 2010. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
63. V. Srinivasan, D. W. Spence, S. R. Pandi-Perumal et al., “Melatonin, environmental light, and breast cancer,” Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, vol. 108, no. 3, pp. 339–350, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
64. E. Mills, P. Wu, D. Seely, and G. Guyatt, “Melatonin in the treatment of cancer: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials and meta-analysis,” Journal of Pineal Research, vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 360–366, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
65. P. Lissoni, F. Rovelli, F. Malugani, R. Bucovec, A. Conti, and G. J. M. Maestroni, “Anti-angiogenic activity of melatonin in advanced cancer patients,” Neuroendocrinology Letters, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 45–47, 2001. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
66. P. Cui, Z. Luo, H. Zhang et al., “Effect and mechanism of melatonin's action on the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells,” Journal of Pineal Research, vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 358–362, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
67. A. L. Bhatia, “Melatonin: anti-aging perception and current perspectives,” in Aging Interventions and Therapies, pp. 147–169, World Scientific Publishers, 2005. View at Google Scholar
68. J. Martín-Renedo, J. L. Mauriz, F. Jorquera, O. Ruiz-Andrés, P. González, and J. González-Gallego, “Melatonin induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cell line,” Journal of Pineal Research, vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 532–540, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
69. S. S. Jang, W. D. Kim, and W.-Y. Park, “Melatonin exerts differential actions on X-ray radiation-induced apoptosis in normal mice splenocytes and Jurkat leukemia cells,” Journal of Pineal Research, vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 147–155, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
70. D. Blask, H. Barthold, R. Dauchy et al., “Melatonin radiosensitizes tumors and radioprotects normal tissues: time-of day dependency,” in Proceedings of the 93rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research, 2000.
71. T. H. Wasserman, “Radiotherapeutic studies with amifostine (Ethyol),” Seminars in Oncology, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 21–25, 1994. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
72. S. P. Tannehill and M. P. Mehta, “Amifostine and radiation therapy: past, present, and future,” Seminars in Oncology, vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 69–77, 1996. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
73. J. F. Weiss, “Pharmacologic approaches to protection against radiation-induced lethality and other damage,” Environmental Health Perspectives, vol. 105, no. 6, pp. 1473–1478, 1997. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
74. C. A. De Souza, G. Santini, C. Marino et al., “Amifostine (WR-2721), a cytoprotective agent during high-dose cyclophosphamide treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: a phase II study,” Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, vol. 33, no. 7, pp. 791–798, 2000. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
75. B. Brenner, L. Wasserman, E. Beery et al., “Variable cytotoxicity of amifostine in malignant and non-malignant cell lines,” Oncology Reports, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 1609–1613, 2003. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
76. L. M. McCumber, “The potential influence of cell protectors for dose escalation in cancer therapy: an analysis of amifostine,” Medical Dosimetry, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 139–143, 2004. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
77. R. J. Reiter, D.-X. Tan, C. Osuna, and E. Gitto, “Actions of melatonin in the reduction of oxidative stress: a review,” Journal of Biomedical Science, vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 444–458, 2000. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
78. R. De Salvia, M. Fiore, T. Aglitti, F. Festa, R. Ricordy, and R. Cozzi, “Inhibitory action of melatonin on H2O2- and cyclophosphamide-induced DNA damage,” Mutagenesis, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 107–112, 1999. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
79. N. Kopjar, S. Miočić, S. Ramić, M. Milić, and T. Viculin, “Assessment of the radioprotective effects of amifostine and melatonin on human lymphocytes irradiated with gamma-rays in vitro,” Arhiv za Higijenu Rada i Toksikologiju, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 155–163, 2006. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
80. L. Sarma and P. C. Kesavan, “Protective effects of vitamins C and E against γ-ray-induced chromosomal damage in mouse,” International Journal of Radiation Biology, vol. 63, no. 6, pp. 759–764, 1993. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
81. M. Konopacka, M. Widel, and J. Rzeszowska-Wolny, “Modifying effect of vitamins C, E and beta-carotene against gamma-ray-induced DNA damage in mouse cells,” Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, vol. 417, no. 2-3, pp. 85–94, 1998. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
82. L. R. Empey, J. D. Papp, L. D. Jewell, and R. N. Fedorak, “Mucosal protective effects of vitamin E and misoprostol during acute radiation-induced enteritis in rats,” Digestive Diseases and Sciences, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 205–214, 1992. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
83. E. Gitto, D.-X. Tan, R. J. Reiter et al., “Individual and synergistic antioxidative actions of melatonin: studies with vitamin E, vitamin C, glutathione and desferrrioxamine (desferoxamine) in rat liver homogenates,” Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, vol. 53, no. 10, pp. 1393–1401, 2001. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
84. S. Yilmaz and E. Yilmaz, “Effects of melatonin and Vitamin E on oxidative-antioxidative status in rats exposed to irradiation,” Toxicology, vol. 222, no. 1-2, pp. 1–7, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
85. J. J. Nordlund and A. B. Lerner, “The effects of oral melatonin on skin color and on the release of pituitary hormones,” Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 768–774, 1977. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
86. V. Vijayalaxmi, R. J. Reiter, M. L. Meltz, and T. S. Herman, “Melatonin: possible mechanisms involved in its “radioprotective” effect,” Mutation Research, vol. 404, no. 1-2, pp. 187–189, 1998. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
87. V. Vijayalaxmi, M. L. Meltz, R. J. Reiter, and T. S. Herman, “Melatonin and protection from genetic damage in blood and bone marrow: whole-body irradiation studies in mice,” Journal of Pineal Research, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 221–225, 1999. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
88. T. W. Fischer, G. Scholz, B. Knöll, U.-C. Hipler, and P. Elsner, “Melatonin reduces UV-induced reactive oxygen species in a dose-dependent manner in IL-3-stimulated leukocytes,” Journal of Pineal Research, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 39–45, 2001. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
89. J. K. Kim and C. J. Lee, “Effect of exogenous melatonin on the ovarian follicles in γ-irradiated mouse,” Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis, vol. 449, no. 1-2, pp. 33–39, 2000. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
90. F. Waldhauser and M. Dietzel, “Daily and annual rhythms in human melatonin secretion: role in puberty control,” Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, vol. 453, pp. 205–214, 1985. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
91. R. J. Reiter, D.-X. Tan, S. J. Kim et al., “Augmentation of indices of oxidative damage in life-long melatonin- deficient rats,” Mechanisms of Ageing and Development, vol. 110, no. 3, pp. 157–173, 1999. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus