Hemodynamic and Tubular Changes Induced by Contrast Media

Table 1

Patient and procedure related potential risk factors responsible for contrast induced acute kidney injury.

Patient related	Procedure related
Chronic kidney disease	Major interventional procedures
Diabetes	Routes of administration
Congestive heart failure	Osmolality of contrast medium
Age > 70 years	Volume of contrast medium
Hypovolemia	Repeated doses of contrast medium
Nephrotoxic agents
Anti-inflammatory drugs
Atherosclerosis