Elevated Serum Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 Is Associated with Septic Encephalopathy in Adult Community-Onset Severe Sepsis Patients

Table 1

Baseline characteristics of septic encephalopathy (SE) and non-SE groups in severe sepsis patients.

	SE group; 𝑛=23	Non-SE group; 𝑛=47	P value
Age (y) (mean ± SD)	68.0±11.2	62.6±13.6	0.15
Male/female	17/6	31/16	0.59
Underlying diseases [𝑛 (%)]
Diabetes mellitus	10 (44)	15 (32)	0.43
Hypertension	8 (35)	22 (47)	0.44
Liver diseases/alcoholism	6 (26)	6 (13)	0.19
Chronic lung disease	3 (13)	11 (23)	0.36
Stroke^a	7 (30)	4 (9)	0.03*
Coronary artery disease	0 (0)	6 (13)	0.17
Cancer	6 (21)	10 (21)	0.76
Chronic renal disease	2 (9)	1 (2)	0.25
Clinical presentations (mean ± SD)
Systolic BP	108.0±39.0	108.0±47.0	0.91
Diastolic BP	72.1±24.2	64.2±22.8	0.20
Pulse rate	103±26	112±25	0.26
Respiratory rate	20±3	21±4	0.25
Shock within 24 hours [𝑛 (%)]	15 (65)	34 (74)	0.58
Ventilator treatment within 24 hours [𝑛 (%)]	13 (57)	11 (24)	0.008*
Disease severity index (mean ± SD)
Maximum 24 h APACHE II score	21.3±5.5	17.5±5.7	0.01*
CCI score	3.6±2.6	3.2±3.0	0.44
Maximum 24 h SOFA score	8.2±2.4	5.4±3.1	<0.001*
Steroid treatment [𝑛 (%)]	11 (48)	21 (45)	1.00
In-hospital mortality [𝑛 (%)]	9 (40)	5 (11)	0.009*

SD: standard deviation; BP: blood pressure; APACHE: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; CCI: Charlson Comorbidity Index; SOFA: Sequential Organ Failure Assessment.
^aStroke only referred to the patients who still could maintain clear conscious level after ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke event.
^∗𝑃<0.05.