Synthesis, Characterization, and Preclinical Evaluation of New Thiazolidin-4-ones Substituted with p-Chlorophenoxy Acetic Acid and Clofibric Acid against Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Disorder

Table 5

Effect of thiazolidin-4-ones on liver antioxidant enzyme and malondialdehyde level.

Liver biomarkers	NPD	HCD	Pioglitazone	Compound 2e	Compound 3a
GSH (nmole/mg of protein)	55.8 ± 2.1	46.4 ± 2.1^a	63.2 ± 1.5^b	68.3 ± 2.0^b	67.8 ± 4.3^b
CAT (U/mg of protein)	89.2 ± 5.7	55.4 ± 3.1^a	93.8 ± 1.0^b	81.9 ± 2.4^b	87.5 ± 7.4^b
SOD (U/mg of protein)	186.8 ± 23.2	108.1 ± 11.2^a	174.8 ± 14.4^b	202.2 ± 4.7^b	208.0 ± 15.4^b
GST (U/mg of protein)	0.43 ± 0.05	0.37 ± 0.01^a	0.73 ± 0.02^b	0.70 ± 0.01^b	0.72 ± 0.04^b
MDA (nmole/mg of protein)	0.57 ± 0.06	1.0 ± 0.33^a	0.46 ± 0.01^b	0.40 ± 0.01^b	0.41 ± 0.02^b

aRepresents 𝑃<0.05 as compared to NPD group (normal pellet diet).
^bRepresents 𝑃<0.05 as compared to HCD group (high carbohydrate diet).