Craniofacial and Cervical Morphology Related to Sagittal Spinal Posture in Children and Adolescents

Table 1

Descriptive statistics of the cephalometrical analysis of the craniofacial parameters. SD: standard deviation.

Craniofacial parameters	Mean	SD	Minimum	Maximum
Craniofacial Morphology
Cranial deflection (°)	27.79	2.53	20.77	36.22
Facial depth (°)	85.86	3.08	79.63	92.26
Facial axis (°)	88.54	4.31	76.41	96.52
Facial taper (°)	68.72	4.16	58.58	80.61
Anterior cranial length (mm)	54.28	2.87	48.38	62.40
Maxillomandibular Complex
Lower facial height (°)	46.46	4.91	33.51	59.58
Xi-PM/Occ. (°)	25.27	3.83	17.01	33.65
Xi-Occ. (mm)	0.75	2.92	−5.86	7.55
+1/A-Pg (°)	28.04	7.54	13.99	46.20
−1/A-Pg (°)	21.59	5.65	9.73	32.50
Interincisal angle (°)	130.37	9.89	112.91	151.76
Overjet (mm)	4.68	2.38	0.30	13.14
Overbite (mm)	2.81	2.17	−2.01	8.21
Maxilla
Landes angle (°)	60.91	3.20	52.24	67.25
Maxillary height (°)	56.37	3.36	48.32	66.21
Palatal plane to FH (°)	−1.37	3.85	−11.76	10.74
Mandible
Ramus Xi position (°)	70.11	6.03	39.07	84.01
Ramus height (mm)	57.25	6.06	46.23	70.76
Mandibular arc (°)	152.19	7.96	128.65	170.40
Esthetic relations
Lip protrusion (mm)	−0.71	2.74	−9.10	4.83
Upper lip length (mm)	20.21	2.06	17.01	26.65
Nasolabial angle (°)	115.11	10.35	79.58	133.31