A-FABP Concentration Is More Strongly Associated with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and the Occurrence of Metabolic Syndrome in Premenopausal Than in Postmenopausal Middle-Aged Women

Table 1

Characteristics of the premenopausal and postmenopausal women.

Parameters	PRE; 𝑛=94	POST; 𝑛=90	𝑃; PRE versus POST
Age [years]	44.3±0.4	54.2±0.4	<0.001
BMI [kg/m^2]	29.0±0.7	30.1±0.7	0.21
WC [cm]	90.4±1.7	92.8±1.5	0.23
A-FABP [ng/mL]	21.4 (14.2–28.4)	31.6 (23.6–47.9)	<0.001^#
SBP [mmHg]	121.8±1.6	130.9±2.3	<0.001^#
DBP [mmHg]	78.0±1.0	83.9±1.3	0.001^#
Glucose [mmol/L]	4.99 (4.61–5.38)	5.44 (5.11–5.88)	<0.001^#
HDL-C [mmol/L]	1.49±0.03	1.58±0.04	0.07
TG [mmol/L]	1.11 (0.92–1.25)	1.21 (0.93–1.65)	0.01^#
TC [mmol/L]	5.1±0.1	5.8±0.1	<0.001
LDL [mmol/L]	3.1±0.1	3.6±0.1	<0.001^#
TC/HDL-C ratio	3.5±0.1	3.8±0.1	0.015^#
TG/HDL-C ratio	0.78 (0.51–0.97)	0.86 (0.57–1.15)	0.14
CRP [mg/L]	1.13 (0.60–2.68)	1.42 (0.71–3.34)	0.17
Adiponectin [μg/mL]	7.8 (5.2–12.2)	9.9 (6.1–14.9)	0.08
Leptin [ng/mL]	21.2 (13.8–35.6)	29.9 (17.7–37.9)	0.04
Insulin [mU/L]	6.2 (3.6–8.8)	6.2 (4.0–9.4)	0.45
HOMA-IR	1.44 (0.62–1.97)	1.42 (1.03–2.48)	0.28
FSH [mIU/mL]	6.9 (5.4–9.2)	65.5 (52.1–85.6)	<0.001
E2 [pg/mL]	52.0 (39.9–81.0)	19.0 (11.0–29.0)	<0.001
SHBG [nmolL]	41.4 (30.7–54.8)	37.5 (25.2–53.4)	0.18
DHEAS [μg/mL]	1.80 (1.21–2.26)	1.47 (1.0–1.97)	0.05
TSH [μIU/mL]	1.57 (0.99–2.67)	1.31 (0.83–2.14)	0.14
fT4 [ng/dL]	1.0±0.02	1.03±0.02	0.1
10-year ASCVD risk [%]	0.8 (0.4–1.3)	2.5 (1.7–4.3)	<0.001^#
10-year ASCVD risk ≥7.5%	0%	9.4%	0.002
MetS	19%	43%	0.004
Elevated BP^!	31%	56%	<0.001
Glucose ≥ 5.6 mmol/L	19%	39%	0.003
HDL < 1.29 mmol/L	31%	17%	0.03
TG ≥ 1.7 mmol/L	13%	24%	0.05
WC ≥ 80 cm	82%	88%	0.26
BMI 18.5–24.9	25%	17%	0.18
BMI 25–29.9	30%	34%	0.56
BMI ≥ 30	45%	49%	0.59
Current smokers	19%	23%	0.5
Alcohol consumption: never or occasionally	83%	94%	0.02
Physical activity: never or sporadically	42%	51%	0.22

Means (±SE) or medians (95% confidence interval); mean (min–max) or % (n) (&); ns: not statistically significant; final menstrual period (FMP); 𝑃: probability of error for testing equal distributions in groups. Blood pressure (BP), !elevated BP (≥130/≥85 mmHg), or hypertension treatment. #Statistically insignificant after controlling for age (ANCOVA).