Shear Stress, Energy Losses, and Costs: A Resolved Dilemma of Pulsatile Cardiac Assist Devices

Table 2

Hemodynamic results of pulsatile and non-pulsatile left ventricular assist device in ischemic piglet model.

Groups	T1		T2		T3
	P	NP	P	NP	P	NP
Wt*	11.75±0.60^‡	11.80±0.84	nd	nd	nd	nd
HR*	85.4±7.92^‡	89.00±9	93.75±5.25^‡	102.33±6.43	76.25±5.12^‡	99.25±3.77
MAP*	75.66±3.1^‡	76.6±3	71.73±9.3^‡	82.35±2.16	46.83±0.52	79.88±1.65^‡
MPAP*	24.93±5.6^‡	27.44±7.17	38.13±5.44^‡	41.47±1.46	24.83±2.88	34.53±7.68^‡
LAP*	2.62±0.61^‡	2.28±1.1	2.28±0.69^‡	2.33±0.57	2.6±0.48	1.78±0.26^§
RAP*	2.60±0.55^‡	3.78±1.09	4.8±2.05^‡	5.4±2.03	2.6±1.67^‡	3.85±0.86
CO*	0.87±0.1^‡	0.9±0.13	0.5±0.11^‡	0.6±0.04	0.67±0.26	0.38±0.03^‡
SVRI^†	600.22±45.27^‡	610.6±112.37	1046.57±156.05^‡	899.28±15.82	451.72±24.01	1309.88±151.93^§
PVRI^†	174.93±20.95^‡	215.71±42.93	583.02±144.93^‡	471.38±12.58	210.66±16.02	566.98±97.98^§

P: pulsatile group; NP: nonpulsatile group; Wt: weight (kg); HR: heart rate (bpm); MAP: mean arterial pressure (mmHg); MPAP: mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mmHg); LAP: left atrial pressure (mmHg); RAP: right atrial pressure (mmHg); CO: cardiac output (L/min); SVRI: systemic vascular resistance index (dynes·s·cm⁻⁵/kg⁻¹); PVRI: pulmonary vascular resistance index (dynes·s·cm⁻⁵/kg); *measured variables; ^†calculated variables; ^‡𝑃>0.05 between the P and NP groups; ^§𝑃<0.05 between the P and NP groups. T1: baseline; T2: 1 h of myocardial ischemia; T3: 1 h after treatment. Group P: pulsatile tube frequency: 90 bpm; roller pump flow 0.34±0.02 L/min. Group NP: centrifugal pump flow = 0.80 L/min.