Prevalence and Risk Factors for Pterygium in Rural Older Adults in Shandong Province of China: A Cross-Sectional Study

Table 3

Univariate analysis of the risk factors for pterygium.

Risk factors	Participants number	Pterygium number	Odds ratio (95% CI)	𝑃 value
Age (years)
50–59	8423	732	1.0	0.000
60–69	5187	607	1.392 (1.243–1.560)
70–79	3165	415	1.586 (1.395–1.802)
≥80	1041	122	1.395 (1.138–1.710)
Sex
Male	7803	809	1.0	0.534
Female	10013	1067	1.031 (0.936–1.136)
Areas
Rushan	4994	558	1.0	0.012
Huaiyin	3040	341	1.004 (0.871–1.159)
Tengzhou	4916	522	0.944 (0.832–1.072)
Juancheng	4866	455	0.820 (0.720–0.934)
Education
Primary school and below	13519	1481	1.0	0.001
Junior school and above	4297	395	0.823 (0.732–0.925)
Outdoor time (hours per day)
<4	6682	795	1.0	0.000
≥4	11134	1081	1.256 (1.140–1.384)
Wearing hat and/or sunglasses
No	17,177	1,868	1.0	0.000
Yes	639	8	0.104 (0.052–0.209)
Alcohol intake
Never	12,785	1,345	1.0	0.989
Current	4,330	456	1.001 (0.895–1.120)
Past	701	75	1.019 (0.797–1.303)
Smoker
Never	12,908	1,354	1.0	0.811
Current	4,257	457	1.026 (0.917–1.148)
Past	651	65	0.947 (0.728–1.230)
Diabetes
No	17,213	1,823	1.0	0.157
Yes	603	53	0.814 (0.611–1.083)
Hypertension
No	15,196	1,592	1.0	0.576
Yes	2,620	284	1.039 (0.909–1.187)
Hyperlipidemia
No	17,229	1,820	1.0	0.427
Yes	587	56	0.893 (0.675–1.181)
Cardiac diseases
No	16,766	1,759	1.0	0.505
Yes	1,050	117	1.070 (0.877–1.305)