6-[¹⁸F]Fluoro-L-DOPA: A Well-Established Neurotracer with Expanding Application Spectrum and Strongly Improved Radiosyntheses

Table 3

Selected synthesis parameters utilizing chiral phase-transfer catalysts (cPTC) or asymmetric synthesis routes.

Precursor	Method	Time [min]	RCY [%]; ^18F-label.	RCY [%]; overall^a	SA [GBq/𝜇mol]	ee [%]	Citation
15	Enzymatic	150	27	2	>200	>99	Kaneko et al. ’99 [77]
17	cPTC 18 ^c	110	n. d.	10–15^b	74–185	95	Guillouet et al. ’01 [73]
17	cPTC 18	80–85	10–40	7–15	n. d.	90	Zhang et al. ’02 [74]
16	Catalyst 25 ^d	120	53	16 ± 5	n. d.	96	Krasikova et al. ’04 [80]
17	cPTC 18	100	40–50	25–30	n. d.	96	Lemaire et al. ’04 [78]
15	cPTC 18	120	71	20 ± 4	>50	≥95	Shen et al. ’09 [83]
17	cPTC 31 ^e	63	50	36 ± 3	>750	>97	Libert et al. ’13 [86]

aUnless otherwise stated, RCYs are given decay corrected (d. c.) and ^bnondecay corrected (n. d. c.); ^csee Figure 6; ^dsee Figure 8; ^esee Figure 10.