A Comparison of Antegrade Percutaneous and Laparoscopic Approaches in the Treatment of Proximal Ureteral Stones

Table 2

Comparison of two groups: the demographic and clinical data and the outcomes during and after surgery of 58 cases.

	PAU group	RLU group
	: 37	: 21
Median age, years (range)	48 (17–77)	49 (20–79)	0.298
Female/male, (%)	15 (40.6)/22 (59.4)	8 (38.1)/13 (61.9)	0.839
Stone side, right/left, (%)	14 (37.8)/23 (62.2)	9 (42.8)/12 (57.2)	0.745
Stone surface area, mm^2 (mean ± std.)	105.3 ± 77.6	117.4 ± 83.4	0.497
Decrease in haemoglobin, g/dL (mean ± std.)	−1.6 ± 1.1	−0.5 ± 0.3	0.022
Stone-free status, (%)	37 (100)	21 (100)	1.000
Operative time, min. (mean ± std.)	80.1 ± 44.6	102.1 ± 45.5	0.039
Fever >38°C,	4	2	0.801
Median hospital stay, days (range)	3 (2–6)	4 (2–7)	0.127
Median urine leakage time, days (range)	2 (1–5)	3 (1–6)	0.198
Follow-up (month) (mean ± std.)	21.33 ± 4.66	21.14 ± 5.49	0.959