Research Article
Physiological and Behavioral Stress and Anxiety in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders during Routine Oral Care
Table 1
Descriptive characteristics of TD and ASD groups.
| | Descriptive characteristics | TD () | ASD () | | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) |
| | Age | 8.3 (2.1) | 8.2 (1.9) | | Short sensory profile** |
164.3 (12.9) |
114.2 (22.0) | | Child and Adolescent Symptom Inventory-Anxiety Scale** | 7.2 (5.90) | 18.6 (9.10) |
| | | (%) | (%) |
| | Gender* | | | | Male | 10 (45.5) | 18 (81.8) | | Female | 12 (54.5) | 4 (18.2) | | Race | | | | Caucasian | 18 (81.8) | 21 (95.5) | | Not Caucasian | 4 (18.2) | 1 (4.5) | | Ethnicity | | | | Not Hispanic, not Latino | 7 (31.8) | 4 (18.2) | | Hispanic, Latino | 15 (68.2) | 18 (81.8) | | Maternal education level | | | | High school, GED, or less | 9 (40.9) | 4 (18.2) | | Vocational/associates/college courses | 6 (27.3) | 15 (68.2) | | Bachelor’s degree or more | 7 (31.8) | 3 (13.6) | | Paternal education levela | | | | High school, GED, or less | 7 (33.3) | 11 (52.4) | | Vocational/associates/college courses | 7 (33.3) | 5 (23.8) | | Bachelor’s degree or more | 7 (33.3) | 5 (23.8) | | VABS-II expressive language subtest of communication domain (adaptive level)** | | | | Low (≤2 percentile rank) | 0 (0.0) | 9 (40.9) | | Moderately low (3–17 percentile rank) | 3 (13.6) | 11 (50.0) | | Adequate (18–83 percentile rank) | 14 (63.6) | 2 (9.1) | | Moderately high (84–94 percentile rank) | 5 (22.7) | 0 (0.0) | | High (≥98 percentile rank) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | | Children’s Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale (total score)** | | | | Nonclinical range | 18 (81.8) | 6 (27.3) | | Borderline range | 3 (13.6) | 5 (22.7) | | Clinical range | 1 (4.5) | 11 (50.0) |
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Missing data ( ASD group; TD group); mother did not answer question.
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