Review Article
Liver Autophagy in Anorexia Nervosa and Acute Liver Injury
Table 1
Starvation-induced autophagy in different experimental models.
| Author, year | Model | Techniques used | Time point |
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Takeshige et al., 1992 [28] | S. cerevisiae | Electron microscopy: increase in the number of autophagosomes and delivery to the vacuole | 1 hrs–3 hrs |
Scott et al., 2004 [29] | Drosophila fat body | Electron microscopy: increase in the number of autophagosomes | 3 hrs |
Mizushima et al., 2004 [30] | GFP-LC3 transgenic mice | Fluorescence microscopy: increase in the number of LC3-GFP dots (24 h) and then return to basal level (48 h) | 24 hrs–48 hrs |
Komatsu et al., 2005 [13] | Atg7F/+:Mx1-Cre mice | Electron microscopy: increase in the number of autophagosomes Western blot: increase in LC3II/I ratio | 24 hrs |
Martinet et al., 2006 [31] | GFP-LC3 transgenic mice | Fluorescence microscopy: increase in the number of LC3-GFP dots | 24 hrs–48 hrs |
Hansen et al., 2008 [32] | LGG-1-GFP transgenic C. Elegans Eat-2 mutants | Fluorescence microscopy: increase in the number of LGG-1-GFP foci | 60 hrs |
Ezaki et al., 2011 [33] | C57BL/6J mice | Electron microscopy: increase in the number of autophagosomes Western blot: increase in LC3II/I ratio | 24 hrs 3 hrs–18 hrs |
Uddin et al., 2011 [34] | C57BL/6 mice | Western blot: increase in LC3II/I ratio | 12 hrs–24 hrs–36 hrs–48 hrs |
Skop et al., 2012 [35] | Wistar rats | Western blot: increase in LC3II/I ratio | 24 hrs |
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GFP: green fluorescent protein; LC3: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha; LGG-1: LC3, GABARAP, and GATE-16 family; Mx-1: myxovirus (influenza virus) resistance 1.
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